What is hemolytic disease in pregnant women with blood type O

Do you know what hemolytic disease is in pregnant women with type O blood? If you don't know, it is very necessary to learn about it together, because maybe someone around you has this situation, so everyone should understand the harm of this situation and what kind of symptoms it is, because some diseases may be very fatal, but we are not very clear about it. Today, let's learn about what hemolytic disease is in pregnant women with type O blood.

Type O blood is a common blood type, which refers to a blood type that contains neither A antigen nor B antigen. It has a long history, appearing approximately between 60,000 and 40,000 BC. It has a unique character and temperament. In addition, there is a movie in Thailand called "Type O Blood". It was once called the universal blood transfusion, but because the serum contains anti-A and anti-B antibodies, it can cause hemolysis of the recipient's red blood cells.

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Pregnant women with blood type O should beware of hemolysis

ABO hemolysis is a hemolytic reaction that occurs when the mother's blood type is O and the child's blood type is A or B. The mother's body contains anti-A or anti-B antibodies. The antibodies enter the fetus, destroy the fetal red blood cells, and cause hemolysis. When the fetus inherits the father's blood type gene and the mother lacks this antigen, if the maternal immune antibodies enter the fetal blood circulation and combine with the blood type antigens on the child's red blood cells, it will cause hemolytic anemia and jaundice in the child. However, not all cases of maternal-fetal blood type incompatibility will cause hemolytic disease. The incidence of ABO hemolytic disease is 2~2.5%. Neonatal hemolytic disease is manifested by premature onset of jaundice within one or two days after birth and rapid worsening of jaundice.

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ABO hemolysis

ABO hemolysis refers to hemolysis caused by incompatibility of the ABO blood types of the mother and the child. Immune hemolysis is essentially an immune reaction between antigens and antibodies. Any substance that the human body does not have, once entering the human body, can stimulate the body to produce a substance that is opposed to that substance. The substance that enters the human body is called an antigen, and the substance produced within the body is called an antigen. Antigens and antigens can bind to each other, and the reaction between them is called an immune response.

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Clinical manifestations of ABO hemolytic disease

1. Jaundice. It is the main symptom of ABO hemolytic disease, most of which appear 2 to 3 days after birth, and about 14% of babies develop jaundice within the first day after birth. Similarly, the number of patients with severe jaundice [serum total bilirubin above 342 molL (20 mgdL)] is also around 14.

2. Anemia. Patients with ABO hemolytic disease all have varying degrees of anemia, but the degree is generally mild, with severe anemia (hemoglobin below 100 g/L) accounting for only about 5%.

In some mild cases of ABO hemolytic disease, the early symptoms may not be severe, but late anemia may occur 2 to 6 weeks after birth, or the anemia may be particularly severe during the "physiological anemia" period 8 to 12 weeks after birth. This is because the antibodies persist and chronic hemolysis occurs. Blood type antibodies can shorten the lifespan of red blood cells. It is reported that the lifespan of red blood cells in this type of children is only about 35 days, and the daily hemoglobin drop is about 4 times that of normal children of the same period. The destruction of red blood cells increases, and the bone marrow hematopoietic function is physiologically low at this time and cannot effectively compensate, eventually leading to neonatal late anemia.

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How to prevent hemolytic disease

High-risk groups should undergo regular check-ups. Couples whose mothers are type O and whose fathers are type A, B, or AB are in a high-risk group and should regularly check antibody titers during pregnancy. The normal value should be greater than 1:64. On the contrary, if it is 1:128 or 1:256, you should be alert to the possibility of hemolysis. If there are any abnormalities, you can receive treatment during pregnancy, take Chinese medicine or get injections under the guidance of a doctor, and it will be within normal values ​​by the time of delivery. If the treatment during pregnancy is not effective, treatment can still be given after the baby is born. If a pregnant woman has experienced repeated miscarriages, neonatal hemolytic disease, early neonatal jaundice, or neonatal anemia, edema, etc., she should suspect blood type incompatibility with the fetus and undergo tests to confirm the diagnosis. If the child's blood type does not match the mother's after birth, early treatment is also required.

I believe that everyone has understood what hemolysis is in pregnant women with type O blood, and knows its symptoms and hazards. Then in our daily life, especially after understanding it, we should pay attention to some things that we should pay attention to in daily life, and don’t be confused. Although this is a very medical statement, we should also fully understand, prevent and treat it in time.