Prevention and treatment of common gynecological diseases

Common gynecological diseases exist in many people, especially those who suffer from irregular menstruation all year round. If common gynecological diseases are not treated in time, they can easily lead to cancer and pose a life-threatening threat. Therefore, early treatment and care are needed. Let’s take a look at the prevention, treatment and care of common gynecological diseases.

1. Why is it necessary to conduct a general screening and treatment of women’s diseases?

Regularly conducting censuses of women's diseases is one of the routine tasks in women's health care. Through cervical smears, vaginal fluid examinations, breast examinations and gynecological examinations in the women's disease survey, various common and frequently occurring diseases among women can be detected early, early cervical cancer and breast cancer can be detected early, and treatment can be started in a timely manner. In addition, through the women's disease survey, the causes of diseases can be explored, preventive measures can be formulated, the incidence of common diseases among women can be reduced, and the health level of women can be improved. Therefore, every married woman should voluntarily participate in the general screening and treatment of women's diseases, which is generally carried out once every 1 to 2 years.

Women should empty their bowels and bladder before undergoing a gynecological examination to avoid misdiagnosis. Gynecological examination is not suitable during menstruation. If there is irregular vaginal bleeding, the vulva should be disinfected before examination to avoid artificial endometriosis or infection.

2. How to take good care of yourself during menstruation?

During the menstrual period, the endometrium is shed, a wound is formed on the uterus, the cervix opens slightly, and menstrual blood is a good nutrient for bacteria. In addition, the body's resistance is weaker during menstruation, the brain's excitability is reduced, and it is easy to catch cold or suffer from other diseases. Therefore, during menstruation, you should pay special attention to the following aspects:

(1) You can work and labor as usual during menstruation, but avoid strenuous exercise such as playing ball, swimming, running, outdoor work, or overweight.

Avoid physical labor, such as carrying heavy objects, so as to avoid excessive menstrual bleeding, prolonged menstruation or amenorrhea. In terms of diet and daily life, do not eat or eat less sour, spicy, raw, cold and other irritating foods. Drink more water to keep your bowel movements smooth. Avoid getting caught in rain, wading, taking cold showers, and soaking your lower limbs in water for long periods of time. Stay optimistic and cheerful and avoid mood swings.

(2) Sexual activity is prohibited.

(3) Keep the vulva clean and avoid taking baths in a tub to prevent dirty water from entering the vagina and causing inflammation. Application: soft, clean, disinfected

Dispose of toilet paper or cotton and change it frequently. Menstrual belts and underwear should be changed and washed frequently.

3. How to pay attention to sexual hygiene?

(1) Avoid unclean sexual intercourse, anal sex, oral sex and other abnormal sexual intercourse.

(2) Pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene before and after sexual intercourse. Both husband and wife should wash their genitals with warm water before and after sexual intercourse. Women should urinate immediately after sexual intercourse to reduce the chance of urinary tract infection.

(3) Sexual intercourse should be avoided during menstruation, postpartum period, after drinking, illness, and excessive fatigue; sexual intercourse should be avoided as much as possible during the first three months and the last three months of pregnancy; sexual intercourse should also be avoided one month after abortion, induced labor, or IUD removal.

(4) If either spouse experiences urethral, ​​vulvar, vaginal or other discomfort, they should temporarily stop having sex and go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner.

4. How to prevent common gynecological inflammation in women?

Common gynecological inflammations include vulvitis, various vaginitis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. To prevent gynecological inflammation, you must do the following:

(1) Pay attention to personal hygiene and sexual hygiene, develop good hygiene habits, and avoid unclean sexual intercourse.

(2) Showering is encouraged, and it is best to change the toilet seat to a squatting one.

(3) Do not wear underwear made of nylon or similar fabrics. Wear cotton products that are loose and soft.

(4) Actively treat diabetes, pinworm disease, allergic and itchy diseases, liver and kidney diseases, and anemia.

(5) Strengthen physical exercise, ensure that the diet contains sufficient nutrition and vitamins, and correct picky eating and abnormal eating habits.

(6) Avoid high mental stress and mental stimulation, maintain an optimistic mood and get enough sleep.

(7) Implement family planning and reduce the number of abortions.

5. What are the special symptoms of gynecological inflammation?

(1) Abnormal leucorrhea: large amount, yellow, gray, green in color, foamy, tofu-like, bloody, purulent in texture, accompanied by a rancid or fishy odor.

(2) Vulvar itching: Acute vaginal inflammation rarely causes pain, but itching or burning sensation is the main symptom.

(3) Menstrual irregularities: Pelvic inflammation affects the function of the ovaries and can cause menstrual irregularities. Cervical erosion and polyps can also cause bleeding during sexual intercourse.

(4) Abdominal pain: Acute inflammation causes severe pain in the lower abdomen, while chronic inflammation can cause lower abdominal distension and lumbar pain, which often worsens after sexual intercourse, during fatigue, or during menstruation.

6. What are the common causes of vulvar itching?

Vulvar pruritus is a relatively common skin disease that only causes itching without any damage. It is often a symptom caused by many reasons, which can be divided into systemic and local. If it is limited to the vulva, it is vulvar itching. The main causes are:

(1) Increased vaginal discharge or abnormal urine irritating the vulva is the most common cause.

(2) Local friction irritation, especially the irritation caused by excessive secretions of sweat glands and sebaceous glands in obese women, or drug allergy caused by medication used on the vulva.

(3) Frequently washing the vulva with strong alkaline soap or potassium permanganate solution will cause the vulva skin to become dry and itchy due to lack of oil.

(4) Not paying attention to personal hygiene and menstrual hygiene.

(5) Caused by pinworm infestation, pubic lice or systemic diseases (jaundice, diabetes or systemic allergic reaction).

(6) Some women may also experience vulvar itching due to extreme mental stress or conditioned reflexes.

7. How to prevent candidal vaginitis?

The main symptoms of candidal vaginitis are: vulvar itching and burning pain. When the symptoms are severe, the patient will feel restless and very uncomfortable, and may also experience frequent urination, peeing heavily, pain during sexual intercourse, and a dreg-like leucorrhea. Patients with candidal vaginitis can be directly infected through sexual intercourse or through contact with infected clothing. In addition, in addition to parasitic vagina, Candida can also parasitize in the human mouth and intestines. Candida in these three parts can infect each other. When the local environment is suitable, it is easy to get sick. Therefore, many women have suffered from this type of vaginitis. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent dryness. The main preventive measures are:

(1) Change and wash underwear frequently, keep the vulva clean and dry at all times, and do not wear tight nylon or synthetic underwear.

(2) Bath towels, hand towels and underwear used during illness should be washed in boiling water, and the bathtub should also be disinfected.

(3) Rational use of antibiotics and hormones; diabetic patients should pay special attention to the cleanliness of the vulva and try to clean the vulva after every bowel movement.

(4) Do not leave your underwear in a damp, dark place; instead, expose it to the sun as much as possible.

(5) If you suffer from candidal vaginitis, you must follow the doctor's instructions to receive prompt and thorough treatment, and refrain from sexual intercourse during treatment. Because vaginitis can be transmitted between husband and wife through sexual intercourse, it is recommended that husband and wife treat it together.

8. Why do you need to go to the hospital for treatment if you suffer from vulvitis or vaginitis?

Vulvitis and vaginitis are common gynecological diseases. If you find that your vulva is itchy and burning, or your vaginal discharge increases, becomes yellow, or has an odor, you may be suffering from vulvitis or vaginitis. Some patients act on their own and think that they can just buy some health products or buy some medicine based on other people's recommendations. In fact, this is not the case. Vulvitis and vaginitis are caused by many reasons. For example, vaginitis is divided into Candidal vaginitis, Trichomonas vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, senile vaginitis, etc. Due to different pathogens, the treatment medications are also completely different. Different vaginitis treatments have their own specific drugs. Medical personnel can use microscopic examination, bacterial culture, virus testing and other means to make a clear diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine to achieve the goal of rapid cure.

9. Is it good to flush the vagina frequently?

Some women are very hygienic and often use douches to flush their vaginas regardless of whether they have any disease or not, thinking that this can prevent or cure diseases. In fact, this approach is not entirely correct. Because, in the vagina of a healthy woman there is an internal environment with a relatively balanced and stable acidity and alkalinity, which is composed of normal flora - lactobacilli, white blood cells and some pathogenic bacteria. Under normal circumstances, lactic acid bacteria play a decisive role. However, when the body's resistance is reduced or the vagina is frequently flushed, the internal environment is damaged, the acid-base balance is disturbed, and disease is caused. If you feel unwell, be sure to take medication under the guidance of a doctor.

10. What is cervicitis? How to treat it?

Cervicitis is a common disease among women of childbearing age, with chronic cervicitis being the most common. Clinically, it can be divided into five pathological changes: cervical erosion, cervical polyps, cervical gland cysts, cervical hypertrophy, and endocervicitis. The main symptoms are increased vaginal discharge, lumbosacral pain, dysmenorrhea, and bleeding after sexual intercourse.

Cervical erosion is the most common lesion of the cervix. Doctors can see granular red areas on the surface of the cervix with the naked eye. According to the size of the erosion area, it can be divided into three degrees: mild, moderate and severe. The treatment of cervical erosion is mainly local treatment. Vaginal medication can be used for mild cases, while physical treatments such as freezing and laser are required for moderate or above cases. A cervical scrape should be performed before physical treatment to rule out early cervical cancer. Physical therapy has the advantages of short treatment course and good efficacy. It can completely destroy the erosive surface and the deep inflammatory tissue underneath, causing the erosive surface to fall off and heal. Physical therapy is generally performed within 3 to 7 days after the end of menstruation. Since the cervix has no pain nerves, no pain will be felt during cervical freezing or phototherapy. However, there will be vaginal discharge for about 15 to 30 days after the operation. Attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the vulva. Sexual intercourse, tub bathing, and vaginal douching are prohibited for 8 weeks after treatment, and regular check-ups should be performed as prescribed by the doctor.

Cervical polyps are also a common manifestation of chronic cervicitis. They are growths that protrude from the cervix due to local hyperplasia of the cervical mucosa under inflammatory stimulation. They are soft, red, have pedicles, and are prone to bleeding. Once cervical polyps are discovered, they should be removed surgically and a pathological examination should be performed at the same time. The removal of cervical polyps has a malignant transformation rate of 0.2% to 0.4%. Some polyps will recur after removal, so patients need regular check-ups. There will only be slight discomfort when removing cervical polyps, but there may be vaginal bleeding for a few days after the operation. You need to keep the vulva clean and abstain from sexual intercourse for more than 2 weeks to reduce infection.

11. How to prevent cervicitis?

Cervicitis is the most common gynecological disease. There are many causes of cervicitis, which may be mechanical stimulation or injury, such as: unclean sexual intercourse, childbirth, abortion; or caused by bacteria or virus infection; or flushing the vagina with high concentration acidic or alkaline solutions, or inserting suppositories made of highly corrosive drugs into the vagina. Therefore, to prevent cervicitis, you must first pay attention to personal hygiene and sexual hygiene, actively treat vulvitis and vaginitis, try to avoid unnecessary vaginal medications. If vaginal medications are necessary, you must do so under the doctor's orders, and implement family planning and reduce the number of abortions. It is best to have regular gynecological examinations and actively treat cervicitis if found.

12. What does postmenopausal vaginal bleeding mean?

Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding refers to vaginal bleeding that occurs more than one year after menopause. Under normal circumstances, the ovarian function has declined after menopause. Although female hormones are no longer secreted, there is still a small amount of estrogen in the blood. If vaginal bleeding occurs again after menopause, more than 40% of this situation is caused by genital cancer. The most common ones are cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma, and ovarian malignant tumors. Therefore, you must not take it lightly and go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment immediately.

13. How to make yourself a happy middle-aged woman?

Middle-aged people are in a period of psychological maturity. They shoulder heavy responsibilities at work and at home, and various psychological and physiological changes begin to occur. Therefore, we must cultivate a broad-minded sense of humor, adjust negative emotions freely and promptly, advocate empathy when interacting with others, look at others and ourselves objectively, do things within our capabilities, adjust our expectations and reduce frustration. Husbands and wives should also pay attention to communication, pay attention to the signs of illness, and seek timely medical treatment to ensure physical and mental health and family harmony and stability.

14. Gynecological inflammation should do the following:

1. Learn and master the knowledge of common gynecological diseases and improve health awareness.

2. Keep the genitals clean and wash the perineum from front to back with warm water every day.

3. Choose cotton, soft and loose underwear.

4. Avoid pelvic floor cleaning and sexual intercourse during menstruation, pregnancy and postpartum period.

5. Sexual intercourse is prohibited for one month after hysterectomy.

6. Take correct contraceptive measures to eliminate and reduce artificial abortion operations. If you have already suffered from gynecological inflammation, in addition to paying attention to the above matters, you should go to the hospital for examination in time and actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment. If it is contagious gynecological inflammation, you should bring your family for examination to prevent cross infection.

15. Nursing for menstrual disorders

Menstrual disorders are common gynecological diseases, the main manifestations of which are abnormal menstrual period or duration, bleeding volume, menstrual quality, and some abnormal symptoms before and after menstruation. It includes early menstruation (menstruation is more than 7 days earlier), late menstruation (menstruation is more than 7 days later), irregular menstruation, and excessive or insufficient menstruation.

Nursing tips for menstrual disorders:

1. Pay attention to mental care. Avoid all kinds of negative emotional stimulation, keep a good mood, and learn to self-regulate your emotions.

2. For those with early menstruation, which is caused by heat, such as bright menstrual color and silky texture, spicy food, fried food and other foods that increase fire should be avoided; for those with light menstrual color and thin texture, which is caused by deficiency, nutrition should be strengthened, and more meat, poultry and dairy products should be eaten; for those with heavy menstrual flow, bed rest is recommended.

3. In the later period of menstruation, those with light and thin menstrual blood, accompanied by palpitations, pale complexion and fatigue should strengthen nutrition and eat more foods that nourish yin and blood, such as lean meat, pork liver, eel, red dates, red beans, peanut skins, etc.; those with cold pain in the lower abdomen, dark purple menstrual blood with blood clots are caused by cold. Pay attention to keeping warm during menstruation, avoid washing with cold water, avoid eating raw and cold food, and those with obvious abdominal pain can use hot water bottles or heat compress bags for local heat.

4. Irregular menstruation, light-colored and thin menstruation, accompanied by clear and thin vaginal discharge, back pain, dizziness and tinnitus are symptoms of kidney deficiency. You should get more rest, have sex in moderation, and eat more pork kidneys and eggs.

16. Nursing for dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen and lumbosacral area during or before and after menstruation. In severe cases, it can affect women's life and work. Dysmenorrhea is divided into primary and secondary. Dysmenorrhea is primary when there is no organic lesion in the genitals, and secondary when there is organic lesion in the genitals.

Key points for nursing care of dysmenorrhea:

1. Keep a good mood, especially in the premenstrual period, patients should eliminate tension and avoid all kinds of adverse mental stimulation.

2. For those with severe abdominal pain, local hot compress or massage can be applied; avoid getting wet in the rain or wading in water, eating cold food or sitting in a damp place for a long time, and pay attention to keeping the abdomen warm; avoid fatigue and strengthen nutrition.

3. Sexual intercourse is absolutely prohibited during menstruation.

17. Nursing of pelvic inflammatory disease

When the female internal reproductive organs, surrounding connective tissue, and pelvic peritoneum become inflamed, it is called pelvic inflammatory disease. It can be divided into acute and chronic types. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease is often accompanied by symptoms such as severe reluctance to pressure on the lower abdomen, low back pain, and yellow and excessive vaginal discharge. Improper treatment may even lead to sepsis, septic shock, etc. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is often accompanied by symptoms such as dull pain in the lower back, low back pain, menstrual disorders, and increased vaginal discharge, and it often recurs.

Nursing tips for pelvic inflammatory disease:

1. Do not use unclean menstrual pads after childbirth, miscarriage or during menstruation, and sexual intercourse is strictly prohibited during menstruation.

2. Pay attention to personal hygiene, keep the vulva clean and dry, avoid bathing in a tub; avoid unclean sexual life; if you suffer from sexual contact diseases, you should also treat your sexual partner to avoid repeated infection.

3. Avoid getting wet in the rain or wading in water during menstruation and after childbirth, and avoid eating raw or cold food to avoid catching a cold; avoid eating spicy and irritating foods during acute attacks.

18. Nursing for vomiting during pregnancy

Pregnant women may experience mild nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other symptoms in the early stages of pregnancy, which are called pregnancy reactions and usually heal on their own around 12 weeks of pregnancy. If you experience persistent nausea, frequent vomiting, and inability to eat during pregnancy, it is called vomiting of pregnancy, which is called "nausea and vomiting of pregnancy" in traditional Chinese medicine. It often affects the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

Nursing tips for vomiting during pregnancy:

1. Pay attention to emotional regulation. You can relax and divert the attention of pregnant women by listening to music, taking a walk, chatting with family members, etc.

2. The diet should change according to the needs of the pregnant woman and there is no need for rigid regulations. If pregnant women dislike greasy food, they should eat light and easy-to-digest food; they should change their food frequently to stimulate appetite; and they should eat small and frequent meals.

3. Prepare a little vinegar and drink it when vomiting; fry the rice until it turns yellow, mix it with ginger juice and dry it, chew a few grains each time or take 1 cup of sugarcane juice and 1 tablespoon of fresh ginger juice, mix well and heat it to stop vomiting.

4. Pay attention to keeping warm, prevent external infections, maintain smooth bowel movements, and avoid noise and various adverse stimuli to prevent aggravated vomiting.

19. Nursing for threatened abortion

If a woman experiences symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, back pain, and lower abdominal distension before 28 weeks of pregnancy, it is called threatened abortion, or "fetal movement disorder" in traditional Chinese medicine.

Nursing tips for threatened abortion:

1. Go to bed and rest immediately. The room should be clean and quiet.

2. Provide good psychological care. Pregnant women may experience negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, tension, etc. due to illness, which can easily accelerate miscarriage. They need more counseling to help eliminate worries and keep a good mood to help protect the fetus.

3. Keep bowel movements smooth and prevent constipation to reduce abdominal pressure.

4. Strengthen nutrition, make food easily digestible, and avoid spicy and hot foods; pay attention to food hygiene, prevent intestinal infections, so as to avoid miscarriage due to diarrhea.

5. Keep warm and prevent colds; refrain from taking medicines that are contraindicated during pregnancy; do not lift heavy objects, climb high, or travel far within 3 months of pregnancy; avoid fatigue and harm to the fetus; try to avoid sexual intercourse.

20. Nursing of women with menopausal syndrome

Women experience a series of symptoms mainly characterized by autonomic nervous system dysfunction before and after menopause, which is called menopause. The main manifestations are hot face, hot flashes, sweating, irritability, chest tightness and shortness of breath, dizziness and palpitations. In severe cases, there are obvious mental symptoms, such as excitability, tension, depression, and crying. Insomnia, memory loss, headache, fatigue, etc. may also be seen; menstrual cycle disorders, prolonged menstruation, low menstrual blood volume, and gradual amenorrhea.

Nursing points for women with menopausal syndrome:

1. Maintain a regular daily routine and avoid excessive fatigue.

2. Keep a good mood, reduce mental burden, correctly understand the physiological process of menopause, let patients adjust themselves as much as possible, and family members should be good at understanding, reduce conflicts, and prevent emotional fluctuations.

3. Participate in more social activities and beneficial cultural and sports activities to distract attention, strengthen physical fitness and alleviate discomfort.

4. The diet should be low in fat and salt; eat more foods rich in B vitamins, fresh vegetables and fruits, such as soybeans, peanuts, fungus, pork liver, etc., and avoid spicy foods.

The above is a brief introduction to the prevention, treatment and care of common gynecological diseases. I believe everyone is clear about it. I hope to help people better treat common gynecological diseases and get rid of the harm of common gynecological diseases. At the same time, if you find a common gynecological disease, you must seek treatment in time and do not delay to prevent the common gynecological disease from becoming more and more serious.