Causes of ectopic pregnancy

Every pregnant woman hopes that her baby can grow up healthy and happy, but the growth of a baby from the ten months of pregnancy is a very slow process, and there will always be some unexpected accidents in this process. Some people successfully become pregnant, but they may not necessarily give birth to a healthy baby, such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, congenital fetal maldevelopment, etc.

Among the causes of fetal miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy can be said to be a very common cause. So what is ectopic pregnancy? We all know that the fetus develops in the uterus. If it does not develop in the uterus but in other parts of the body, it is an ectopic pregnancy. Let us understand the causes of ectopic pregnancy.

1. Fallopian tube inflammation: Severe cases of fallopian tube mucosal inflammation can cause complete obstruction of the tube lumen and lead to infertility. In mild cases, adhesions of the fallopian tube mucosa and cilia defects affect the movement of the fertilized egg and cause it to implant there. The lesions of perisalpingitis are mainly in the serosa or seromuscular layer of the fallopian tube, which often causes adhesions around the fallopian tube, twisting of the fallopian tube, narrowing of the lumen, and weakened peristalsis of the tube wall muscles, affecting the movement of the fertilized egg. Salpingitis caused by gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis often involves the mucosa, while infection after abortion or delivery often causes perisalpingitis.

2. Fallopian tube surgery: If the fallopian tube is recanalized or fistula forms after tubal sterilization, it may lead to tubal pregnancy, especially laparoscopic electrocoagulation tubal sterilization and silicone ring surgery; women who have undergone tubal adhesion separation surgery and fallopian tube shaping surgery such as fallopian tube anastomosis and fallopian tube opening surgery due to infertility; women who have had tubal pregnancy before are more likely to have tubal pregnancy again.

3. Placement of intrauterine contraceptive device: Due to the foreign body reaction of the intrauterine contraceptive ring, a large number of white blood cells and macrophages are gathered in the uterus, which changes the intrauterine environment and hinders the implantation of the fertilized egg, but it cannot completely prevent the fertilization and implantation of the egg in the fallopian tube.

4. Hypoplasia or dysfunction of the fallopian tube: Hypoplasia of the fallopian tube is often manifested as an overly long fallopian tube, poor development of the muscular layer, and lack of mucosal cilia. Other causes include double fallopian tubes, diverticula or accessory fimbria, which can all be causes of fallopian tube pregnancy. Fallopian tube function is regulated by estrogen and progesterone. If the secretion of estrogen and progesterone is abnormal, it may affect the normal operation of the fertilized egg. In addition, mental factors can also cause spasms and abnormal peristalsis of the fallopian tubes, interfering with the transportation of the fertilized egg;

5. Migratory fertilized egg: The egg is fertilized in one fallopian tube, and the fertilized egg enters the opposite fallopian tube through the uterine cavity or abdominal cavity, which is called migratory fertilized egg. If the migration time is too long, the fertilized egg will grow larger and can implant in the opposite fallopian tube and form a tubal pregnancy.

6. Assisted reproductive technology: Its related risk factors include preoperative fallopian tube lesions, history of pelvic surgery, technical factors of embryo transplantation, the number and quality of implanted embryos, hormonal environment, and excessive transplant fluid during embryo transplantation.

7. Others: Compression of the fallopian tube by surrounding tumors such as uterine fibroids or ovarian tumors, especially adhesion of the fallopian tube and surrounding tissues of the ovary caused by endometriosis, can also affect the patency of the fallopian tube lumen and hinder the movement of the fertilized egg. Some studies also believe that defects in the embryo itself, artificial abortion, smoking, etc. are also related to the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy.

The above are the causes of ectopic pregnancy. We can see that there are indeed many causes of ectopic pregnancy, and some of them are caused by the use of IUDs. As female friends, don’t think that as long as we use IUDs, we will never get pregnant. When there is something wrong with your body, you should go to the hospital for examination immediately to find out if there is any possibility of pregnancy.