Bleeding characteristics of endometrial polyps

Uterine polyps are caused by the perforation of part of the uterine endometrium due to high estrogen, inflammation or long-term stimulation of foreign bodies. It often manifests as a single or multiple smooth lumps protruding from the uterus, with pedicles of varying lengths. The main clinical symptoms are irregular vaginal bleeding. The key causes of bleeding are:

Reason 1: Uterine polyps proliferate without restriction under the long-term stimulation of high estrogen. This type of hyperplasia has no high-density and firm interstitial support, so this type of hyperplastic tissue is more sensitive and prone to spontaneous rupture and bleeding. The appearance of uterine intrauterine polyps causes the total area of ​​uterine wall to expand, which is also the main cause of menorrhagia and unclean discharge.

Reason 2: Long-term inflammatory stimulation, such as endometrial inflammation; abortion, delivery and other surgical operations, uterine foreign bodies (such as contraceptive rings) stimulation, etc., which cause inflammation of the proliferative uterus, the surface of which is prone to infection and necrosis, resulting in irregular bleeding accompanied by smelly secretions.

Reason 3: If the uterine polyps proliferate in the cystadenoma type, they are prone to abnormal changes and can develop into typical hyperplasia of the uterine wall, which is a precancerous lesion. If they develop further, they can be transformed into lesions. The surface of the cancerous tissue is sensitive and invades the blood vessels. Therefore, the diseased polyps are prone to bleeding.

Uterine intrauterine polyps can usually be detected through B-ultrasound, and hysteroscopy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing uterine intrauterine polyps.

Small, asymptomatic uterine polyps may not require treatment and can be followed up and observed because they may disappear on their own. For large uterine intrauterine polyps, especially those with bleeding symptoms, it is recommended to perform polypectomy under hysteroscopy and send them for pathological examination to eliminate the possibility of lesions.