Why does ectopic pregnancy occur?

In a normal pregnancy, the sperm and egg combine at the junction of the ampulla of the fallopian tube and the muscle wall to form sperm-egg fusion. 30 hours after fertilization, the sperm and egg fusion moves toward the uterus accompanied by bilateral fallopian tube peristalsis and the promotion of bilateral fallopian tube epithelial cell microvilli. If the sperm and egg combine before the late embryo and do not enter the inner side of the uterus, ectopic pregnancy is likely to occur. The causes of ectopic pregnancy include salpingitis, bilateral fallopian tube dysplasia or abnormal function, accidental pregnancy through contraceptive ring, etc. Medical factors and unhealthy lifestyle can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy in women. How does an ectopic pregnancy occur?

1. Salpingitis. It can be divided into bilateral tubal mucositis and bilateral tubal periarthritis, both of which are common causes of tubal pregnancy. Severe bilateral tubal mucositis can cause complete obstruction of the tubal lumen and lead to infertility. The key to bilateral tubal inflammation is the serosa or seromuscular layer of the bilateral fallopian tubes, which often leads to adhesions around the bilateral fallopian tubes, distortion of the bilateral fallopian tubes, narrow lumen, thick wall muscles, weakened peristalsis, and affecting the operation of sperm and egg combination.

2. History of tubal pregnancy. Women who have had a tubal pregnancy are very likely to have another tubal pregnancy after undergoing surgical treatment.

3. Placement of IUD. The use of an IUD itself does not increase the incidence of ectopic pregnancy, but if a woman becomes pregnant accidentally due to an IUD, the chances of an ectopic pregnancy are very high.

4. The bilateral fallopian tubes are incompletely developed or function abnormally. Bilateral tubal dysgenesis is often manifested by the fact that the bilateral fallopian tubes are too long, the myometrium grows poorly, and the mucosal microvilli are deficient. The function of the bilateral fallopian tubes is regulated by estrogen. If the adjustment is unsuccessful, it will affect the normal operation of the sperm and egg combination.

5. The sperm and egg combine and move. The egg cell is fertilized in the bilateral fallopian tube on one side, and the combination of sperm and egg enters the bilateral fallopian tube on the other side through the uterine cavity or abdomen, which is called sperm and egg combination movement. If the migration time is too long, the sperm and egg will combine, grow, and expand, and the embryo will implant in the other bilateral fallopian tube and cause a tubal pregnancy.

6. Cause of the disease. Compression by tumors around the bilateral fallopian tubes, such as uterine fibroids or uterine and ovarian tumors, sometimes affects the smoothness of the bilateral fallopian tube lumens, hindering the combination of sperm and egg. Endometriosis can increase the likelihood of embryo implantation in both fallopian tubes.

7. Several abortion operations. Repeated and frequent abortions will cause trauma to the uterine wall. It will be difficult for the test tube embryo to implant in the uterus, so it will migrate to other areas to implant, resulting in ectopic pregnancy.

8. Poor lifestyle. Smoking, drinking, and taking ovulation-stimulating drugs can increase the incidence of ectopic pregnancy.