Pathology and classification of epithelial ovarian tumors

Ovarian cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, which poses a great threat to women's health. Ovarian tumors can be divided into many types, one of which is ovarian epithelial tumor. There are many causes of ovarian epithelial tumors. Infertility and early menarche are risk factors for ovarian cancer. Female friends must protect their ovaries in their daily lives.

pathology:

Ovarian epithelial tumors are the most common ovarian tumors, accounting for 50% to 70% of primary ovarian tumors and 85% to 90% of ovarian malignant tumors. It is more common in middle-aged and elderly women and rarely occurs in prepubertal children and infants. The tumor originates from the germinal epithelium on the surface of the ovary. The germinal epithelium comes from the primitive coelomic epithelium and has the potential to differentiate into various Müllerian epithelia. It differentiates into the fallopian tube epithelium to form a serous tumor; differentiates into the cervical mucosa to form a mucinous tumor; and differentiates into the endometrium to form an endometrioid tumor. Ovarian epithelial tumors are divided into benign, borderline, and malignant. Borderline tumors are low-malignant potential tumors with active epithelial cell proliferation, increased cellularity, nuclear atypia, and increased mitotic figures, but no stromal infiltration. The clinical manifestations are slow growth, low metastasis rate and late recurrence.

Classification:

Ovarian epithelial tumors are the most common ovarian tumors, originating from the epithelium on the surface of the ovary (coelomic epithelium). The most common is cystadenoma, which mainly includes serous and mucinous types.

1. Serous tumors

1. Benign serous cystadenoma is the most common type of serous tumor, accounting for about 60% of serous tumors. It mostly occurs in women aged 20 to 40 years old, mostly unilaterally, but can also occur bilaterally (about 20%).

2. Borderline serous cystadenoma accounts for about 10% of serous tumors. Its morphology and structure are between benign and malignant serous cystadenomas. It is low-grade malignant and has a better prognosis than invasive carcinoma.

3. Serous cystadenocarcinoma, accounting for about 30% of serous tumors, is the most common type of ovarian malignant tumors, and about half of them are bilateral. Most of the patients are women aged 40 to 60.

(ii) Mucinous tumors

1. Mucinous cystadenoma is a common epithelial tumor. It mainly originates from the ovarian surface epithelium and differentiates into the endocervical epithelium; another source is the monoblastic growth of benign cystic teratoma, whose epithelium is similar to intestinal epithelium, and goblet cells can be seen. It mostly occurs in women aged 30 to 50, most of which are unilateral and rarely bilateral.

2. Borderline mucinous cystadenoma is also a low-grade cancer, and its morphology and structure are between benign and malignant mucinous cystadenoma. The five-year survival rate is 95% to 98%.