Experts remind that about 50% of women will experience this disease...

Speaking of urinary tract infections

Many female friends are puzzled

“

Why do I get a urinary tract infection when I am so clean?

I have a urinary tract infection, what should I do?

”

Due to the differences in physiological structure

Female friends are more likely to suffer from this than male friends.

Repeated recurrence

Urinary tract infection that is too tight to heal

Let's see what's going on.

Female urinary tract infection is classified according to different standards:

● According to the specific status of women, it is divided into: non-pregnant premenopausal urinary tract infection, pregnancy urinary tract infection and postmenopausal urinary tract infection.

● According to clinical manifestations, it is divided into: simple urinary tract infection, complicated urinary tract infection, recurrent urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria and urethral syndrome.

● According to the anatomical site, it is divided into: upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis) and lower urinary tract infection (cystitis and urethritis).

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Compared with men of the same age, women are more likely to suffer from urinary tract infections. About 50% of women will experience a urinary tract infection in their lifetime , which is related to the physiological structure of women.

Physiological structure

The female urethra is shorter, wider, and straighter than the male urethra , and is closer to the anus , making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder and cause infection.

contraceptive

For example, spermicides, condoms and oral contraceptives may induce urinary tract infections.

Pregnancy risk factors

Increased secretion of progesterone during pregnancy leads to weakened ureteral peristalsis. The enlarged uterus in late pregnancy can also compress the urinary tract, causing poor urine flow and increasing the risk of urinary tract infection.

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Postmenopausal susceptibility factors

Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency causes changes in vaginal flora, decreased local resistance , and increased likelihood of infection.

Suffering from a urinary tract infection, the following clinical manifestations are usually present:

Urethritis

Paroxysmal urinary pain and frequent urination , usually without hematuria and pain above the pubic symphysis.

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Cystitis

Symptoms include frequent urination, urgency, pain during urination, and lower abdominal pain ;

The urine is usually cloudy and has an odor , and 30% of patients may also have hematuria.

Generally there are no systemic infection symptoms, and the body temperature is normal or only low-grade fever.

Acute pyelonephritis

Urinary system symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequency, pain, back pain, and dysuria may occur, and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting . In severe cases, urosepsis, renal papillary necrosis, perinephric abscess, urosepsis, and renal function damage may also occur.

Urinary tract infections during pregnancy often occur in the last three months of pregnancy . Symptoms include fever, chills, chills, back pain, nausea, vomiting, and possible dehydration . Difficulty urinating is less common.

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If you experience frequent urination, urgency, or pain when urinating, it is recommended that you go to a regular hospital to seek help from a specialist to assess your condition, make a clear diagnosis, and receive standardized treatment.

General treatment

Eliminate factors that induce abnormalities in urinary tract structure and function;

Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, alkalize urine , etc.

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Treatment of pathogens

After collecting a clean midstream urine sample for pathogen culture, empirical treatment is performed and anti-infective drugs are selected based on the results of the drug sensitivity test.

For urinary tract infection during pregnancy, the safety and effectiveness of medication for both the mother and the fetus must be considered. The hazard classification of medications used during pregnancy can be referred to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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Statement: This article is a medical-related educational popular science article. It does not involve specific treatment methods or medical behaviors and cannot replace hospital visits.

Author

Experts who reviewed this article

References

[I]Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence,

morbidity,and economic costs[J]. Am J Med, 2002, 113 Suppl1A: 5S-13S.

[2] Yang Qing, Chen Xiao, Kong Haishen, et al., Mohnarin 2011 Annual Report: Bacteria in Urine Specimens

Drug resistance monitoring［J], Chinese Journal of Hospital Infection, 2012, 22(24): 5503-5507.

[3] Chen Jianghua, Urinary Tract Infection [A]//Wang Chen, Wang Jianan, Internal Medicine, 3rd edition, Beijing:

People's Medical Publishing House, 2015:664-672.

[4] Wang Changxian, Kong Qingfang, Chen Jianming, et al., Analysis of etiology and drug resistance of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection [J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Infection, 2013, 23(19): 4820-4825.

[5] Original article: Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in Chinese women, Chinese Medical Journal, 2017, 97(36): 2827-2832.

Content Production

Editor: Yang Yali

Map: Eastern Zhou Dynasty