Be highly alert to these 8 types of precancerous lesions!

On February 2, WHO cancer expert Andre Ilbawi said that the number of patients diagnosed with cancer in 2020 reached 19.3 million, and 10 million people died of cancer. Currently, one-fifth of the world's population will develop cancer in their lifetime.

According to the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer, China had the highest number of new cancer cases in the world in 2020, about 4.57 million.

There are many precancerous lesions. Be highly vigilant about these 8 situations.

At present, many lesions are suspected to be precancerous lesions, and these 8 common situations should be highly vigilant:

1. Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion characterized by abnormal epithelial proliferation. Common leukoplakia include the oral cavity, esophagus, penis, vulva, and cervix.

Intervention methods:

If you find abnormal mucosal leukoplakia, it is best to go to the hospital for prompt examination.

2. Chronic atrophic gastritis

Chronic atrophic gastritis can be diagnosed through gastroscopy and mucosal biopsy. As long as it receives timely and regular treatment in the chronic stage, it usually will not turn into cancer.

Intervention methods:

1. Examination: It is recommended that superficial gastritis be examined by gastroscopy every 3 years, and chronic atrophic gastritis be examined by gastroscopy every 1-2 years, and active treatment should be given. Helicobacter pylori should be detected, and standardized anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment should be carried out as appropriate.

2. Quit smoking and drinking: The severity of atrophic gastritis is positively correlated with smoking and drinking.

3. Eat regularly: chew food slowly, eat less pickled food, do not overeat, and do not eat spicy or moldy food.

3. Cervical erosion-like changes

Most "cervical erosion-like changes" are caused by ectopic production of the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal, and very few are caused by cervical cancer or precancerous lesions.

Intervention methods:

If it is diagnosed through scientific means that it is caused by cervical columnar epithelial ectopia, it is a normal phenomenon and no treatment is required; if it is diagnosed with inflammation, relevant treatment is required according to the inflammation; if it is diagnosed as pathological changes or precancerous lesions, you need to go to a regular hospital for treatment in time.

4. Intestinal polyps

Especially if the patient has colorectal polyps and it is a family hereditary disease, there is also the possibility of cancer.

Intervention methods:

Currently, colonoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal cancer.

For people at average risk, it is recommended to start colonoscopy at the age of 45 to 50. If no lesions are seen under the endoscope, colonoscopy can be repeated every 10 years.

For high-risk patients, colonoscopy is recommended starting at the age of 40.

In addition, long-term chronic ulcerative colitis may also lead to mucosal hyperplasia and cancer, and should be treated actively.

5. Cirrhosis

China is a country with a very high incidence of latent hepatitis infection, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

If the hepatitis infection is not cured, it may develop into cirrhosis, and some patients may develop cancer and develop liver cancer.

Intervention methods:

1. Examination: For patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, it is best to have a physical examination every 3 months to 6 months, mainly checking liver B-ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein.

2. Active treatment: If you have hepatitis, you must actively seek treatment. If it develops into cirrhosis, you must also receive standardized treatment in a timely manner.

3. Quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and avoid overwork.

6. Fibrocystic lesions of the breast

If diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease, you should pay attention to it and remove it early to prevent it from becoming cancerous.

Intervention methods:

1. Examination: It is important for women to have regular breast self-examination. For women under 35 years old, ultrasound examination is mainly used for physical examination; for perimenopausal women aged 45 to 55, it is best to have a mammogram examination once a year. If precancerous lesions are found, it is recommended to follow the doctor's advice for reexamination and see if surgery is needed.

2. Do not use estrogen supplements indiscriminately.

3. Eat less high-fat foods: Eat less fried foods, cream, cheese and various sweets, control fat intake and avoid obesity.

4. Maintain a good mood: Negative emotions can easily lead to endocrine disorders and are related to breast diseases.

5. Proper exercise: It is an important factor in preventing breast cancer.

7. Pulmonary nodules

Generally speaking, lung nodules are precancerous lesions, but not all lung nodules will develop into cancer.

Generally, if the diameter is larger than 0.8 cm, it should be taken seriously; if the lung nodule is smaller than 0.8 cm, the patient will be advised to follow the doctor's advice for follow-up observation.

Intervention methods:

1. People with high risk factors for lung cancer should undergo regular low-dose spiral CT screening.

① Long-term smoking: smoking index > 400 cigarettes per year

② Exposure to secondhand smoke for more than 20 years

③ Working in an environment with a lot of dust particles for a long time

④Working in a closed environment for a long time

⑤ Family history of lung cancer

(Those who have any of these are at high risk of lung cancer!)

2. Quit smoking: The incidence of lung cancer in smokers is 10 times that of non-smokers, and quitting smoking can significantly reduce the incidence of lung cancer.

3. Pay attention to indoor ventilation: To prevent indoor micro-environmental air pollution, pay attention to maintaining indoor ventilation and improving indoor air quality.

4. The decoration should not be too "luxurious": because the radon in cement and granite, and the formaldehyde contained in furniture, etc. can cause harm to us.

5. Reduce kitchen fumes: open the windows and turn on the range hood before cooking, and turn on the range hood for another 5-10 minutes after cooking.

6. Don’t hold grudges too much.

8. Pigmented moles on the skin

Everyone may have some moles on their body, but some moles with irregular shapes and darker colors should be taken seriously. In addition, if the mole is not "burned" cleanly during laser mole removal, it may also lead to the possibility of hyperplasia and cancer.

Intervention methods:

1. Chemical peeling or laser mole removal methods are very irritating and are not recommended for large junctional moles.

2. Avoid excessive friction in daily life. For junctional nevi that have dangerous signs, it is best to use surgical excision plus pathological examination.