What color is uterine bleeding?

Abnormal uterine bleeding unrelated to menstruation can occur in girls at any age from menarche to menopause. Refers to the overflow of blood from the cervix or from the uterine cavity. The menstrual period loses its normal regular cycle, and is replaced by excessive menstrual flow at varying frequencies, prolonged menstruation, or irregular uterine bleeding, which sometimes stops and sometimes flows, and sometimes the amount of blood is more or less. Anovulatory blood supply is generally painless, and excessive blood loss is often accompanied by anemia.

Abnormal uterine bleeding occurs, and the color may be red, dark red, or grayish black. Under normal circumstances, the menstrual period is dark red or dark red, and the menstrual cycle and amount are relatively regular. If there is abnormal vaginal bleeding, and the bleeding significantly exceeds the menstrual amount, the color is bright red, and it is accompanied by varying degrees of abdominal pain, back pain and other symptoms, or the color is dark and continuous, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time for relevant examinations to see the cause of the abnormal uterine bleeding and treat it symptomatically. Abnormal uterine bleeding may be caused by uterine wall disease, ovulation disorder, uterine intrauterine polyps, adenomyosis, endocrine disease, cervical disease, coagulation disorder and other factors. It is necessary to undergo six hormone tests, gynecological ultrasound, cervical screening, thyroid hormone test, kidney function test, coagulation test, and hysteroscopy to identify the cause of abnormal bleeding and treat it with medication.

Key clinical symptoms:

1. Ovulation bleeding: Due to the decrease in estrogen levels before ovulation, a small amount of vaginal bleeding can be seen during ovulation.

2. Premenstrual bleeding: There is a small amount of vaginal bleeding a few days before menarche, and then normal menstruation occurs. This type of bleeding is caused by incomplete corpus luteum deficiency and insufficient estrogen and estrogen metabolism.

3. Postmenstrual bleeding: The initial stage of the menstrual period is normal, but the duration of bleeding increases in the middle and late stages. This type of bleeding is caused by incomplete exfoliation of the uterine wall, and its histological characteristics are the presence of incompletely exfoliated metabolic endometrium mixed with early reproductive endometrium. This is mainly due to the slow regression of progesterone and the continuous metabolism of estrogen.

4. Bleeding caused by uterine wall proliferation: It is a typical anovulatory bleeding. Because the egg continues to exist and metabolizes a certain amount of female hormones, the uterine wall proliferates abnormally, and the uterine wall often becomes too long and glandular cystic.

5. Bleeding caused by incomplete uterine wall: This is a type of abnormal bleeding that is more common in the follicular phase. The reproductive and follicular phase changes of the uterine wall may exist at the same time. It is caused by imbalance in estrogen metabolism.

3. Inspection:

1. Color Doppler ultrasound (TVCDS) inspection:

TVCDS is a minimally invasive diagnostic method with simple operation. It can objectively and clearly display the status of the uterine wall and bilateral adnexa, providing powerful and reliable information for disease diagnosis. It can be operated repeatedly, continuously and dynamically observe the uterine wall, and grasp its changes. It is of great significance in the diagnosis of uterine wall diseases.

(ii) Hysteroscopic surgery (HS):

HS can observe the structure inside the uterine cavity and, relying on the magnification effect of the scope, accurately distinguish uterine cavity lesions, especially the precise positioning of puncture biopsy and identification of subtle or focal endometrial lesions, which cannot be compared with simple diagnostic curettage.

3. Diagnostic curettage:

Used for married women, it can understand the size and shape of the uterine cavity, whether the uterine wall is smooth, whether the softness is consistent, and the characteristics and quantity of the scrapings. Scraping the tissue for pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis.

(IV) Temperature measurement during ovulation:

The anovulatory type presents a monophasic electrical curve; the ovulatory type presents a biphasic curve.

(V) Examination of cervical mucus crystals:

The appearance of fern-like crystals before menstruation is a reminder of non-ovulation.