Types of left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma

Many friends often report that many female friends around them unfortunately suffer from left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. When they consult their doctors about the disease, they find that they know nothing about this left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. Friends, you have seen this. In fact, there are many types of left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. When you want to conquer the disease, you must know what this left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma is, so that you can find the right medicine for the disease. Let’s take a look at the types of left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma.

1. Benign mucinous cystadenoma Ovarian mucinous benign tumors account for 20% of all benign ovarian tumors. The most common age is 30 to 50 years old. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ranks third among ovarian malignancies, accounting for 8% to 10% of primary ovarian malignancies. The peak age is between 40 and 60 years old. Most are multilocular, generally medium in size, but can grow large enough to fill the entire abdominal cavity, reaching a diameter of 50 cm. The tumor is gray and shiny, with a slightly thick and elastic cyst wall. Sometimes several cystic protrusions can be seen on the outer wall, and the surface is slightly yellowish. The contents of the cyst are mucous, opaque, viscous fluid like jelly, white with a slightly light blue color. The solid area felt during the examination is often an aggregation of numerous honeycomb-like cells, which can be discovered by cutting open the tumor. The size of the ovaries varies greatly and can be sparsely or densely distributed, with one or more ovaries often contained within a locule. The mucus in the tumor is mucin or glycoprotein, so the previous "pseudomucinous cystadenoma" has now been renamed mucinous cystadenoma. The tumor epithelium is a single-layer tall columnar structure with the nucleus located at the base. The arrangement is regular and the same as the endocervical mucous epithelium (Figure 1). Sometimes intestinal epithelium can also be found, including goblet cells, Paneth cells and argyrophilic cells. Mucinous cystadenomas often occur simultaneously with other ovarian epithelial tumors, such as serous, endometrioid, or sex cord-stromal tumors. PeutzJeghers syndrome (Chen KT1986) refers to dark spots of skin and mucous membrane pigmentation and multiple gastrointestinal polyps. These symptoms may sometimes occur with this tumor, but attention should be paid to whether it is malignant.

2. About 8% of patients with borderline mucinous cystadenoma have bilateral lesions. Borderline mucinous cystadenomas are more complex than borderline serous tumors and are multilocular. Thickening of the cyst wall or the presence of papillae can be seen, and most papillae are small and may also be polyp-like. Microscopic characteristics: ① Epithelial stratification reaches 2 to 3 layers, but no more than 3 layers, accompanied by papillae and epithelial clusters; ② Cells are mildly or moderately atypical, mucus secretion is reduced, and goblet cells can be seen; ③ Nuclear division figures do not exceed 5 per 10 high-power microscopic fields; ④ Tumor cells do not invade the stroma

3. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ranks third among ovarian malignant tumors, accounting for 8% to 10% of primary ovarian malignant tumors. The peak age is between 40 and 60 years old. Pseudomyxoma peritonei, also known as peritoneal myxoma, is a reaction to peritoneal implantation caused by the presence of mucus in the abdominal cavity, and is often accompanied by appendiceal and ovarian mucinous tumor diseases. It is widely accepted that pseudomyxoma peritonei arises from mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix, both of which often have atypical and stratified epithelial cells and are classified as borderline tumors. 10.6% to 29% of appendiceal mucinous tumors are combined with pseudomyxoma peritonei, and 3.5% to 12% of ovarian mucinous tumors are combined with pseudomyxoma peritonei. One-third of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei have mucinous tumors in both the ovary and appendix; if tumors are present in both, the ovary is likely to be metastatic. According to data from Shanghai Medical University, 71.4% of ovarian tumors combined with pseudomyxoma peritonei are bilateral, while only 10% of primary ovarian mucinous tumors are bilateral.

4. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is more likely to be multilocular. Although bilateral is not common, it is more likely to be benign among ovarian mucinous tumors. 5% to 40% are cystic, multilocular, with smooth, round or lobed sections, and solid areas. Nipples can be seen on the inner wall of the cyst, but they are less common than in serous carcinoma. Nipples and solid areas are more common in benign or borderline mucinous cystadenomas. The cyst cavity contains bloody gelatinous mucus, and bleeding and necrosis are common in the solid area. The microscopic features are: ① epithelial stratification exceeds 3 layers; ② severe atypical epithelial hyperplasia accompanied by abnormal mucus secretion; ③ back-to-back glands; ④ active nuclear division; ⑤ interstitial infiltration (Figure 3). Histological grading of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: (1) Well-differentiated (grade I): epithelial hyperplasia of more than 3 layers of tall columnar epithelium. The papillary branches are slender, irregular in shape, and contain very little stroma. The cells on the papilla surface have lost their polarity and are arranged in a disorderly manner, with nuclei of varying sizes and many mitotic figures. Sometimes excessive mucus secretion escapes from the cell and causes the cytoplasmic boundaries to disappear. (2) Moderate differentiation (grade II): The epithelium is columnar or low columnar, forming a common wall, with a small amount of mucus in the cells, a large number of cell nests infiltrating in the stroma, and many nuclear division figures. (3) Poorly differentiated (grade III): Glandular structures are not obvious, epithelial cells grow in clusters or diffusely, nuclear atypia is obvious, and there are more mitotic figures. The minimal intracellular mucus sometimes makes it difficult to distinguish from gastrointestinal metastatic cancer.

From the above we know a lot about the types of left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. When a friend of yours unfortunately suffers from left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma, tell her not to be too negative and not to give up treatment because of fear of the disease. In today's society, medicine is prosperous and technology is advanced. As long as the right medicine is used, the symptoms will be relieved. Do not underestimate the left ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. Be sure to go to a regular hospital for treatment in time. I hope everyone is in good health.