What causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a disease that seriously threatens human life and health, but people are not very familiar with this disease, or even unfamiliar with it. It is actually a type of cervical adenocarcinoma. It may occur after the age of 20, and its peak incidence is around 37 years old, so people of this age should pay more attention. Below I will introduce to you the causes of this disease, let’s take a look:

Causes

1. Human papillomavirus infection With the deepening of research on the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the lower reproductive tract, it has been found that HPV infection is associated with the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions. HPV infection, as a special type of sexually transmitted disease, is the cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Molecular biology and epidemiological studies have shown that human papillomavirus is carcinogenic. HPV can be divided into different types according to its carcinogenicity: HPV16, 18, 45, 56 are high-risk types, HPV31, 33, 35 and other 11 types are medium-risk types, and HPV6, 11, 26 and other 8 types are low-risk types. CINⅠ and subclinical HPV infection are usually HPV6 and 11, and 80% of CINⅢ are HPV16 infection

Severe atypical hyperplasia of the cervix is ​​often accompanied by the integration of HPV genes in the chromosomes of the cells, thereby activating the E1 and E2 genes, leading to the expression of viral genes in the cervical epithelium. Subsequently, the E6 and E7 genes encode and synthesize multifunctional proteins, thereby interfering with cell growth. It plays an important role in cell carcinogenesis in people infected with high-risk HPV types 16 and 18. The high-risk HPV E6 protein can bind to the tumor suppressor gene p53, leading to p53 degradation. The E7 gene product is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds to the tumor suppressor gene retinoblastoma gene (PRb) product, resulting in its functional inactivation, thereby affecting its role in inhibiting cell growth.

2. Other factors

(1) Smoking: Smoking is related to the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Nicotine, its degradation product, has a cervical irritation similar to that causing lung cancer and plays an important role in the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

(2) Microbial infection: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Trichomonas infection can increase susceptibility to HPV and thus be associated with the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

(3) Endogenous and exogenous immunodeficiency: Infection with immunodeficiency viruses can increase the incidence of CIN, such as Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, collagen vascular disease and HPV infectious diseases.

The above is what the editor introduced to the common causes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. We can take preventive measures against these causes. Especially smoking, which not only causes this disease, but may also cause diseases such as lung cancer. It is very harmful to the human body, so it is necessary to quit it as soon as possible.