“The most familiar stranger” How much do you know about menstruation?

“The most familiar stranger” What do you know about menstruation. It can be said that under normal circumstances, every woman will be accompanied by menstruation for most of her life, and menstruation is what she encounters every month. Do you know the common sense about menstruation, which is the most familiar to you? Let me introduce it to you below:

Girls begin menstruating around the age of thirteen or fourteen. The first menstruation is medically called "menarche". "Menarche" is an important sign of the arrival of puberty in women. For some girls, their menstrual cycles may become irregular for some time after their menarche. The main reason is that the menstrual cycle regulation function is not stable enough and is easily affected by internal and external factors, such as physical condition, mood and environmental changes. Attention should be paid to psychological counseling and health care.

Those who have not had menstruation by the age of 18 are called primary amenorrhea; those who have had menstruation but then stopped for more than 3 months, except for pregnancy, lactation and menopause, are called secondary amenorrhea. Systemic diseases, environmental changes, and mental stimulation can all affect ovarian function and cause amenorrhea. Certain reproductive organ diseases or developmental abnormalities can also cause amenorrhea. Amenorrhea should be examined as early as possible, the cause should be identified, and treatment should be given in a timely manner. Delaying time will affect treatment results and may even affect fertility.

The first thing to do for adolescent amenorrhea is to pay attention to menstrual hygiene, keep warm, arrange study and life reasonably, eliminate stress factors, improve nutritional status, and especially stop inappropriate weight loss. Treatment measures such as promoting menstruation, regulating endocrine, and promoting ovulation can be adopted. If it doesn't work, drugs can be used to restore the artificial cycle.

After pregnancy, the ovaries stop releasing eggs and menstruation will no longer occur. However, a very small number of women still have a small amount of vaginal bleeding similar to menstruation in the early stages of pregnancy, which is called "irregular menstruation". In the early stages of pregnancy, the level of progesterone in a woman's body is low and the formation of the uterine decidua is not yet complete, resulting in bleeding, which is mistakenly considered "menstruation." This phenomenon will not last more than 4 months after pregnancy and will not have any adverse effects on the mother or fetus.

Some women experience hemoptysis, nasal bleeding, bleeding from the external ear canal, conjunctival bleeding, or bloody stools during menstruation. This is medically called "compensatory menstruation", commonly known as "retrograde menstruation". The reasons are not all the same. For example, nose bleeding is caused by the fact that the capillary network in the front and lower part of the nasal septum is particularly rich, superficial and fragile, and is very prone to bleeding. The nasal mucosa of some people is very sensitive to changes in ovarian estrogen levels, and is stimulated to become congested and swollen, and even bleeds like the endometrium when estrogen levels drop suddenly.

Some cases of "reverse menstruation" are caused by trauma, or during curettage, cesarean section, or hysterectomy, the endometrium shifts to areas outside the uterus, such as the lungs, pleura, digestive tract, and subcutaneous tissue. Like the original endometrium, it is regulated by estrogen, and proliferates and shedding occurs. This is medically known as "endometrium translocation."

It is medically known as primary dysmenorrhea. Most cases occur within 1-2 years after menarche. The pain first occurs 12 hours before menstruation, on the first day of menstruation, and lasts for 2 to 3 days before being relieved. The degree of pain varies, mainly in the lower abdomen, and can radiate to the lumbar region and inner thigh, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, etc. Physical examination and instrumental examination showed no organic lesions. Oral painkillers and contraceptives can be used for treatment, and psychological treatment is also important.

After women go through their fertile youth, their ovarian function begins to decline naturally and the secretion of sex hormones decreases. When it reaches a certain limit, the endometrium will no longer shed and bleed periodically, and menstruation will no longer occur.

The last menstrual period is called menopause. The average age of menopause for women in my country is 49.5 years old, and 80% of them are between 44 and 54 years old. There is often a transition period before menopause. At this time, menstruation is irregular and accompanied by some physiological and psychological changes, such as headache, low fever, eyelid edema, breast pain, back pain, thirst, oral mucosal ulcers, and emotional instability (manifested as irritability, stubbornness or depression), which is called "premenstrual syndrome."