Distribution of abdominal organs in women

The human abdomen is the part of the human body between the pelvis and the chest. In human anatomy, the abdomen extends from the diaphragm at the bottom of the chest to the true and false pelvic boundary of the pelvis. The true and false pelvic boundary runs from the lumbosacral angle (the lumbar disc between the 5th intervertebral disc and the first sacral vertebra) to the phalanges.

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Abdominal human organs:

In pairs: kidney, adrenaline

No, it's not correct: liver, gallbladder, stomach, colon, intestines, spleen, pancreas, greater omentum, lesser omentum, etc.

2. Under normal circumstances, the retroperitoneum produces a small amount of plasma (100-200 ml), which has the effect of lubricating and reducing friction between organs. The retroperitoneum is also absorbent and can absorb fluid and gas in the peritoneal cavity. The absorption capacity of the retroperitoneum in the upper abdomen is stronger than that in the lower abdomen. Therefore, patients with abdominal inflammation or surgery often take a semi-recumbent position to allow harmful fluids to flow to the lower abdomen to alleviate the absorption of harmful substances by the retroperitoneum. There are many macrophages in the retroperitoneum and peritoneal plasma, which have a defensive function. The retroperitoneum also has a strong repair and regeneration ability. The adhesion function of cellulose in the secreted plasma can promote the healing of wounds and the limitation of inflammation. However, if the surgical operation is rough, it may also cause complications such as intestinal fibrous adhesions. The cruciate ligaments, mesentery and other structures formed in the retroperitoneum also have the function of fixing and supporting organs. In short, the retroperitoneum has a variety of functions such as metabolism, absorption, protection, support and repair.

3. Relationship between the retroperitoneum and abdominal and pelvic visceral organs

According to the different sizes of the internal organs covered by the retroperitoneum, the abdominal and pelvic internal organs can be divided into three categories, namely, abdominal lumbar internal organs, retroperitoneal inter-position organs and retroperitoneal external organs.

(I) Retroperitoneal human organs

It refers to all human organs that protrude into the peritoneal cavity and are covered by the retroperitoneum on all sides, such as the stomach, upper duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, spleen, uterus, ovaries, bilateral fallopian tubes, etc.

(II) Retroperitoneal interstitial human organs

It refers to the human organs that are mostly covered by the retroperitoneum, and only a small part is not covered by the retroperitoneum, such as the liver, gallbladder, ascending colon, descending colon, upper duodenum, uterus, bladder, etc.

3. Retroperitoneal extracorporeal human organs

It means that only one side is covered by the retroperitoneum, and the other side does not cover the organs behind the peritoneum, such as the kidney, adrenaline, urethra, pancreas, descending and lower part of the duodenum, and the lower end of the duodenum.

Understanding the relationship between visceral organs and the retroperitoneum has important clinical manifestations. For example, for organs located inside the retroperitoneum, surgery must be performed through the peritoneal cavity. However, organs located outside the retroperitoneum, such as the kidney and urethra, can be operated on without opening the peritoneal cavity, thereby avoiding infection of the peritoneal cavity or postoperative adhesions.