How to identify decidual tissue

Decidual tissue is a special tissue that multiplies and redifferentiates between the uterine wall under the stimulation of decidualization-inducing factors. It is particularly important for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. So, how to distinguish decidual tissue? Let's have a simple understanding of this issue. I hope the following points will be helpful to everyone!

How to identify decidual tissue?

The fallen test tube embryonic tissue is milky white, like the size of one's own fingernail, and sometimes it is wrapped in a blood clot, which cannot be seen without washing the blood clot. If the gestational sac does not come out, the blood will not decrease, but will come out more and more. When the decidual tissue is discharged, it is similar to the mucous membrane-like substance discharged during normal menstruation. It is very easy to understand that the decidual tissue is actually the uterine wall tissue. It is just called decidual tissue during pregnancy, and the occurrence of menstruation is the shedding of the uterine wall, so the two are actually the same thing. During pregnancy, it is generally not easy for decidual tissue to be discharged. If you feel something is discharged from your lower body during pregnancy, it is recommended to go to the hospital immediately.

The normal expression of the decidua of the uterine wall and the decidual function plays an extremely important role in the implantation of the fertilized egg, the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and the initiation of labor in pregnant women. Studying the growth, decline and control of decidua is of great significance for establishing the implantation mechanism of fertilized eggs and regulating pregnancy. With the gradual advancement of research on cell necrosis and its regulatory mechanism, humans have paid more and more attention to the proliferation, apoptosis and regulatory factors of decidual cells in the reproductive process, and have made relative progress.

The uterine wall interstitial fibroblasts have the potential to reproduce and redifferentiate. After sufficient harmonization with ovarian hormone, once the uterine wall is stimulated by decidual hormone, decidual-like changes can occur. The whole process of decidualization is accompanied by a series of adaptive changes in the squamous epithelial cells, stromal cells, somatic cell composition, proteoglycans and vascular structures of the uterine wall cavity. Its production mechanism may be that decidual reaction inducers act on luminal squamous epithelial cells, which in turn cause certain information substances to act on subepithelial stromal cells, induce the expression of specific genes and proteins, promote the proliferation and division of stromal cells, and show the shape and function characteristics of decidual cells. Lejeune et al. found that if the squamous epithelial cells of the mouse uterus were shaved in advance, the decidual reaction could not be induced, indicating that the luminal squamous epithelial cells play a role in transmitting information during the process of interstitial decidualization. In addition, the earlier generated decidual cells can also induce the surrounding fibroblasts to undergo decidual-like changes through the paracrine system.

Studies have found that after mating of rats, the uterine wall immediately shows a nonspecific inflammatory response dominated by macrophages and granulocytes, accompanied by the production of a variety of cytokines, such as colony stimulating factor-I (cSF-1) and granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (gM-CSF), sepsis inhibitory factor (lIF), interleukin-1, 6 (IL-1, 6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tNF-α) [1], suggesting that these cytokines may be involved in the induction of decidualization of the uterine wall.

Prostacyclin is also crucial for decidualization of the uterine wall. Key et al. found that local use of prostacyclin can induce decidual reaction, while prostacyclin antagonists can prevent or delay the occurrence of decidual reaction. Acker et al. injected platelet-activating factor (pAF) into the uterine cavity of mice, which induced a decidual reaction. Both the pAF antagonist bN5202 and the prostacyclin antagonist indomethacin could inhibit the effect of pAF, suggesting that prostacyclin may directly induce a decidual reaction or mediate the effect of pAF.