If the bleeding after miscarriage is not treated, the abdominal pain will worsen as the bleeding increases, and small pieces of material will be discharged. If the embryo is naturally aborted, the bleeding will decrease after two days. If the gestational sac is not completely expelled during the miscarriage, it needs to be treated with blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing drugs or abortion drugs to promote the expulsion of the gestational sac. Miscarriage caused by natural circumstances (not caused by human intention) is called spontaneous abortion. The incidence of spontaneous abortion is approximately 15% among all clinically confirmed pregnancies. Miscarriage that occurs before 12 weeks of pregnancy is defined as early pregnancy miscarriage, and miscarriage between 12 weeks and less than 28 weeks of pregnancy is defined as late pregnancy miscarriage. According to statistics, about 75% of all human pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. Among them, the vast majority of test tube embryos stop growing and developing soon after embryo implantation, and only show symptoms of menorrhagia or delayed menstruation, that is, early pregnancy miscarriage. More than 80% of miscarriages occur within 12 weeks of pregnancy, and then the miscarriage rate decreases rapidly. At least more than half of early pregnancy miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities in test tube embryos. The risk of miscarriage increases with parity and the age of parents. Common causes of miscarriage include: 1. Chromosomal abnormalities Includes chromosomal abnormalities of couples and chromosomal abnormalities of test tube embryos. Common chromosomal abnormalities in couples include balanced substitutions and Robertsonian translocations. Among the chromosomal abnormalities of test tube embryos, triploidy is the most common, followed by polyploidy, single X, single autosome, balanced sex chromosome substitution, absence, mosaicism, inversion, overlap, etc. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent miscarriage is 4%, while that in the normal group is 0.2%, with the ratio of maternal to paternal abnormalities being 3:1. In a spontaneous abortion, chromosomal abnormalities of test tube embryos are the main cause. As the frequency of miscarriage increases, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of test tube embryos decreases. 2. Endocrine imbalance in pregnant mothers (1) Luteal insufficiency accounts for 23% to 60%. The body temperature during ovulation is biphasic, but the high temperature phase is less than 11 days, or the high and low temperature difference is less than 0.3℃. The uterine wall puncture biopsy shows that the metabolic response is at least 2 days behind. The progesterone level in the follicular phase is less than 15ng/ml, resulting in poor decidual reaction. The luteal function test shows insufficient information for 2 to 3 cycles, which can be included in the diagnosis. Luteal insufficiency affects the implantation of the fertilized egg and embryo. (2) The high concentration of luteinizing hormone, high androgen and high insulin glargine urine in PCOS reduces the quality of oocytes and the receptivity of the uterine wall, which can easily lead to miscarriage. (3) Hyperprolactinuria: Prolactin protein kinase is present in lutein cells. High prolactin inhibits luteinization of granulosa cells and steroid hormones, resulting in luteal insufficiency and reduced oocyte quality. (4) Thyroid disease Low levels of thyroxine are associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion. |
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