Perineum anatomy

Perineal laceration refers to the situation during delivery when the fetal head is about to be delivered through the pregnant woman's vagina. The vulva and surrounding tissues are compressed and partially swell and soften during the continuous lowering of the fetal head. If the perineum is not protected properly, perineal tearing may occur. Let's learn some relevant knowledge about the perineum.

Perineal lacerations can be divided into four degrees, 1-2 degrees are minor lacerations. If they are not serious, no treatment is required. If bleeding occurs, effective treatment is required to prevent wound infection. Numbers 3-4 indicate moderate to severe perineal lacerations, which need to be repaired after the pregnant woman delivers the embryo.

If severe perineal lacerations are not treated promptly and effectively, they can cause a variety of complications, the most common of which is infection of the vulva and sacrum. Some pregnant women may also experience redness, itching, ulceration, and even infection of the urethral orifice and vulva in the private parts. Perineal lacerations also have a certain impact on the sex life of couples after giving birth.

In order to prevent pregnant women from suffering from serious perineal lacerations during delivery, the doctor will observe the delivery process, accurately estimate the size of the fetus, and understand the fetal position and presenting part position. If the pregnant woman is found to be delivering too fast or has delayed labor during delivery, the doctor will perform an episiotomy on her to prevent lacerations. If the pregnant woman has already had a laceration, the doctor will treat it according to the severity of the laceration. If the laceration is severe, surgery will be performed to suture it.

Causes of perineal laceration

If perineal laceration is not treated in time, it may cause a variety of complications, which will seriously affect the daily life of pregnant women. Only when pregnant women understand the cause of perineal laceration can they prevent the occurrence of perineal laceration in a targeted manner. Generally speaking, perineal laceration is mainly related to the physical factors and delivery factors of pregnant women.

1. Body elements of pregnant women

(1) Age of the pregnant woman. If the pregnant woman is over 35 years old and giving birth for the first time, because the elasticity of the perineum is not large and the pelvic movement is small, the perineum cannot expand easily during delivery and may be torn. On the other hand, if the pregnant woman is young, her private parts are not fully developed and have few wrinkles, the perineum is likely to be lacerated when the fetus is delivered in the head position.

2. Pelvic elements of pregnant women. The posterior triangle of the pelvic inlet is the key area for pregnant women to give birth to their babies. If the pregnant woman's pelvis is not well developed, the inlet is narrow, the pubic arch is narrow and low, and it cannot withstand excessive pressure, flexion and extension, perineum laceration may occur.

3. It is more serious in pregnant women. If a pregnant woman has gynecological inflammations such as vaginitis and vulvitis, some uterine tissues are relatively sensitive and are prone to hematoma during delivery. When the fetus is delivered to the vulva, perineal tearing is likely to occur.