What is the normal thickness of the lining of the menstrual period?

The normal thickness of the uterine wall is different at different stages of the menstrual cycle. If the uterine wall is thick, it is easy to have severe menstrual pain, and it is difficult for the sperm and egg to combine and implant the embryo. Generally speaking, the normal thickness of the uterine wall is 0.2-1.0 cm. During menstruation, the functional layer of the uterine wall falls off and the dermis is stored. The proliferative period is from the 6th to the 14th day of the menstrual period. The normal thickness of the uterine wall is about 1-3mm. The metabolic period is from the 15th to the 28th day of the menstrual period, and the thickness of the endometrium is about 5-7mm.

However, the thickness of the uterine wall of some women is obviously inconsistent with the normal thickness after examination. In this case, endometrial hyperplasia will cause female infertility and some will even cause endometrial cancer. Endometrial hyperplasia is a method of treating endometrial hyperplasia. It can also be used to treat endometrial hyperplasia and uterine intrauterine polyps. Endometrial Elimination Grass mainly focuses on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, eliminating knots and eliminating symptoms, and is supplemented by promoting qi and removing stagnation, and strengthening the body, so as to eliminate menstrual disorders, inhibit endometrial growth, and restore the normal function of the uterus.

The normal thickness changes of the uterine wall can be divided into three stages:

1. Proliferative phase: The 5th to 14th day of the menstrual cycle, which is equivalent to the stage of uterine development and perfection. Under the action of estrogen during the follicular phase, the glandular ducts and interstitial cells in the uterine wall proliferate.

The proliferative stage is divided into three stages: early, middle and late.

1) Early proliferative phase: Day 5-7 of the menstrual cycle. The proliferation and repair of the endometrium begins during the menstrual period. The endometrium is relatively thin during this period, only 1 to 2 mm. The glandular epithelial cells are cuboidal or low columnar. The interstitial space has a higher density and the somatic cells are star-shaped. The arteries in the interstitial space are straighter and have thinner walls.

2) Middle and late proliferative phase: 8th to 10th day of the menstrual cycle. This stage is characterized by significant interstitial edema; the number of glandular ducts increases, they grow longer, and they become tortuous; the glandular epithelial cells proliferate actively, the cells are columnar, and there are signs of disintegration.

3) Late proliferative phase: Day 11 to 14 of the menstrual cycle. During this period, the normal thickness of the uterine wall thickens to 3-5mm, and the surface is uneven and slightly wavy. The squamous epithelial cells are tall columnar, the glandular epithelium continues to grow and develop, the nuclear division figures increase, the glandular ducts are longer, and become curved. The interstitial cells are star-shaped and fuse into a reticular structure; there is significant tissue edema, the arteries are slightly curved, and the lumen is enlarged.

2. Metabolic stage: After the production of progesterone, the uterine wall undergoes a metabolic reaction under the action of estrogen. The metabolic period is also divided into three stages: early, middle and late.

1) Early metabolic period: Day 15-19 of the menstrual cycle. During this stage, the endometrial ducts are longer and more tortuous. Hot bubbles containing glycogen begin to appear under the nuclei of glandular epithelial cells, which is called subnuclear vacuolation and is a histological feature of the early stage of metabolism.

2) Middle and late metabolic period: Day 20 to 23 of the physiological cycle. The endometrium is thicker and has a serrated shape. The metabolism in the glandular duct is called apocrine metabolism, in which the cell membrane at the top of the squamous epithelial cells breaks open and the glycogen in the somatic cells is discharged into the glandular cavity. During this period, the endoplasm is highly edematous and loose, and the spiral arteries proliferate and curl.

3) Late metabolic phase: Day 24 to 28 of the menstrual cycle. This period is the early stage of menarche. The endometrium is thickened and has a honeycomb pattern. The endometrial glandular ducts open toward the endometrial cavity, with glycogen and other substances overflowing. The interstitial space is looser and more edematous, and the interstitial space under the surface squamous epithelial cells divides into hypertrophic decidual-like cells. During this stage, the spiral arteries grow rapidly, exceeding the thickness of the endometrium, becoming more tortuous and the vascular lumen expanding. At the end of metabolism, the normal thickness of the uterine wall is about 5 to 6 mm.

3. Menstrual period: Day 1 to 4 of the menstrual cycle. At this time, the level of estrogen and oestrogen decreases, which activates the production of prostacyclin in the endometrium. Prostacyclin can stimulate the contraction of the uterine myometrium, causing continuous contraction of the spiral arteries in the functional layer of the endometrium and a decrease in endometrial blood flow. The total area of ​​ischemic necrotic tissue gradually expands. Tissue degeneration and necrosis, increased permeability of blood vessel walls, rupture of blood vessels, resulting in the formation of abscesses at the bottom of the endometrium, and promoting tissue necrosis and exfoliation. The degenerated and necrotic endometrium mixes with the blood and is discharged to produce menstrual blood. The normal thickness of the uterine wall can reach 8-10mm.

Mild fever, lower abdominal distension and pain, excessive leucorrhea, etc. The discharge is sometimes strong and, if it is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it will have a foul odor. Some have irregular menstruation. If the inflammation is severe, it may spread to the myometrium. It turns into uterine myositis, and many small cysts are formed in it. If the inflammation spreads outward, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. During examination, the uterus may be tender and enlarged, and the tissues on both sides may be tender and thickened.