Thickness of the lining of the vagina on the 14th day of menstruation

Generally speaking, the thickness of the endometrium on the fourteenth day of menstruation is between 7 mm and 10 mm, which is also the ovulation period. For couples who want children, this time period is a better choice. If you have had sex and want to know whether you are pregnant in time, you can use a pregnancy test stick to check after about ten days.

It is normal for the endometrium to be between 7-10mm on the 14th day of menstruation. This is the ovulation period. If you want to have a child, you can have sex every other day to increase the chance of conception. After intercourse, use a pillow to raise your hips so that the semen can be retained in the vagina longer, increasing the conception rate. It is not recommended to have sex again after 5 days of intercourse to prevent pregnancy from affecting the implantation of the fertilized egg. Pay attention to hygiene after intercourse and avoid strenuous exercise. If your period is delayed for a week, you can use a pregnancy test stick to check. Two bars means you are pregnant, and one bar means you are not pregnant.

How does the endometrium thicken?

Generally speaking, the normal thickness is one to ten millimeters, but it will proliferate and fall off with changes in hormone levels, so its thickness changes accordingly with different periods of time. Generally speaking, the endometrium begins to proliferate after the end of menstruation, reaches its maximum value one day before menstruation, and then the functional layer and tissue blood flow out together. This process is called menstruation.

The endometrium is thickest before menstruation. The proliferative phase is also called the follicular phase, and it is the fifth 14-day period of the cycle. During this period, the ovarian follicles increase in number. Under the action of estrogen secreted by the follicles, the endometrium undergoes proliferative changes. Before menstruation stops, the endometrium is repaired, and the early uterine glands are short and thin, with a small number. Throughout the proliferative phase, epithelial and stromal cells continue to divide and proliferate, and glandular cells respond strongly to hormones. Estrogen causes the glandular epithelium to gradually grow and differentiate. In the later stages of hyperplasia (11-14 days), the endometrium thickens by 1-3 mm and the uterine glands increase in number and continue to grow and curve.

The normal cyclical changes in endometrial thickness can be divided into three phases:

1. Proliferative phase: The 5th to 14th day of the menstrual cycle, which is equivalent to the stage of follicle development and maturation. Under the action of estrogen during the follicular phase, endometrial glands and interstitial cells proliferate.

The proliferative stage is divided into three stages: early, middle and late.

1) Early proliferative phase: Day 5-7 of the menstrual cycle. The proliferation and repair of the endometrium begins during the menstrual period. During this period, the endometrium is relatively thin, only 1 to 2 mm. Glandular epithelial cells are cuboidal or low columnar. The stroma is dense and the cells are star-shaped. The arterioles in the interstitium are straight and thin-walled.

2) Mid-proliferative phase: 8th to 10th day of the menstrual cycle. This stage is characterized by obvious interstitial edema; the number of glands increases, they grow, and they become curved; the glandular epithelial cells proliferate actively, the cells are columnar, and they show signs of division.

3) Late proliferative phase: 11th to 14th day of the menstrual cycle. During this period, the normal thickness of the endometrium increases to 3-5mm, and the surface is uneven and slightly wavy. The epithelial cells are tall columnar, the glandular epithelium continues to grow, the number of nuclear divisions increases, the gland becomes longer, and forms a curved shape. The interstitial cells are star-shaped and combined into a network; the tissue edema is obvious, the arterioles are slightly curved, and the lumen is enlarged.

2. Secretory phase: After the corpus luteum is formed, the endometrium shows a secretory reaction under the action of progesterone. The secretory phase is also divided into three stages: early, middle and late.

1) Early secretory phase: Day 15-19 of the menstrual cycle. During this stage, the endometrial glands are longer and more curved. Small vesicles containing glycogen begin to appear under the nuclei of glandular epithelial cells, called subnuclear vacuoles, which are histological features of the early stage of secretion.

2) Mid-secretory phase: Day 20 to 23 of the menstrual cycle. The inner membrane is thicker and more serrated than before. The apical cell membrane of the secretory epithelial cells in the gland ruptures, and the glycogen in the cells is discharged into the glandular cavity, which is called apocrine secretion. During this period, the interstitial tissue is highly edematous and loose, and the spiral arterioles proliferate and curl.

3) Late secretory phase: Day 24 to 28 of the menstrual cycle. This period is the pre-menstrual period. The endometrium becomes thickened and spongy. The openings of the endometrial glands face the organ cavity, with secretions such as glycogen overflowing, the stroma becoming looser and more edematous, and the stroma under the surface epithelial cells differentiate into hypertrophic decidual-like cells. During this stage, the spiral arterioles grow rapidly beyond the thickness of the intima, become more curved, and the vascular lumen expands. In the late secretory phase, the normal thickness of the endometrium is about 5 to 6 mm.

3. Menstrual period: Day 1 to 4 of the menstrual cycle. At this time, the levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, activating the synthesis of prostaglandins in the endometrium. Prostaglandins can stimulate the contraction of the uterine muscle layer and cause continuous spasm of the spiral arterioles in the functional layer of the endometrium, resulting in a decrease in endometrial blood flow. The area of ​​damaged, ischemic, and necrotic tissue gradually expands. Tissue degeneration and necrosis, increased permeability of the blood vessel wall, and rupture of the blood vessels lead to the formation of hematoma at the bottom of the intima, which promotes tissue necrosis and exfoliation. The degenerated and necrotic endometrium mixes with blood and is discharged to form menstrual blood. The normal thickness of the endometrium can reach 8-10mm.

Mild fever, lower abdominal pain, increased leucorrhea, etc. Leucorrhea is sometimes bloody, and if it is caused by anaerobic bacteria, the discharge will be foul-smelling. Some people have irregular menstruation. If the inflammation is severe, it may spread to the myometrium. It becomes myometritis and many small abscesses form inside it. If the inflammation spreads outward, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. During examination, the uterus may be tender and enlarged, and the tissues on both sides may be tender and thickened.