What are the items in a gynecological examination?

In fact, gynecological examinations need to be performed regularly for every female friend, because gynecological examinations can help female friends understand their physical health more clearly. General gynecological examinations will include these items, such as vulva examination, cervical examination, vaginal examination, etc. These are relatively common examinations, and the probability of gynecological diseases occurring in these parts is also very high.

Common gynecological examination items

1. Genital examination

Normal vulva, pubic hair with downward-pointing tips and triangular distribution, labia majora pigmentation, labia minora slightly red, no ulcers, dermatitis, growths or hypopigmentation in the perineum, clitoris length <2.5cm, mucosa around the urethral opening light pink, no growths. Married women have old cracks in their hymen, and pregnant women have old cracks in their hymen and perineum, or there may be incision scars in the perineum. If necessary, the doctor will ask the patient to hold his breath and look for bulging of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, uterine prolapse, or urinary incontinence. If there are any lesions, doctors will often describe them as "married type" or "given birth type", and any abnormalities will be recorded in detail.

2. Cervical examination

A normal cervix has bulges around the periphery and a hole in the middle. The shape of the navel for non-pregnant women is round, while that for pregnant women is "I"-shaped, tough, flesh-red, and has a smooth surface. If the examination is normal, it means that it is light, of medium quality, without itching or pain, etc. If abnormalities are found, the degree of erosion (mild, moderate, or none), the degree of cervical hypertrophy, and the size and location of the growth will be described in detail.

Among them, we want to focus on the new Papanicolaou (TCT) cervical precancer test. Women who are 18 years old or older and have had sexual life should undergo the new Papanicolaou cervical TCT examination regularly every year. Only in this way can they prevent and detect cervical cancer in a timely and effective manner.

3. Vaginal examination

The vaginal wall mucosa is light pink in color and has wrinkles, without ulcers, growths, cysts, vaginal septum, double vagina or other congenital malformations. Normal vaginal discharge is egg white-like or white paste, has no fishy smell, and is in small amounts, but increases during ovulation and pregnancy. If there are any abnormalities, the patient will have corresponding clinical symptoms, namely local itching, burning sensation, etc. The doctor will record them in detail and conduct tests.

4. Examination of the uterus and appendages

This is also a very important item in routine gynecological examination. The normal uterus is inverted pear-shaped, 7 to 8 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, and 2 to 3 cm thick. Most of them are in an anteriorly tilted and anteflexed position, with a medium hard texture and good mobility. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are collectively called the "appendages." A normal ovary can occasionally expand to a size of 3×2×1cm3, is movable, and feels slightly sore and swollen when touched. Normal fallopian tubes cannot be palpated. If it is a "median" or "posterior" uterus and there are no obvious clinical symptoms, it is not a big deal.

5. Ultrasound examination

Transvaginal B-ultrasound is used to examine ovarian tumors, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and other diseases. Vaginal B-ultrasound is an intracavitary ultrasound with a high frequency. The probe is close to the cervix and posterior fornix, with less interference, and the image is several times clearer than abdominal B-ultrasound.

6. Routine examination of leucorrhea

It can detect vaginitis caused by various bacterial infections, such as fungi, trichomonas, clue cells, miscellaneous bacteria, white blood cells, pH value, etc.

7. Breast examination

Regular self-examination and infrared breast examinations, and timely treatment of breast abnormalities once they are discovered, can effectively prevent and treat breast diseases and prevent disease progression and cancer.

Gynecological examination should pay attention to the following issues:

1. Gynecological examinations should be done away from menstrual periods. It is best to have the examination between the end of menstruation and before ovulation. Do not have sex the night before the examination, because the man's semen and the spermicide on the condom may appear in the test sample the next day and interfere with the doctor's judgment.

2. On the day of the gynecological examination, you should wear clothes that are convenient for examination. A skirt of moderate length is the best choice. Do not wear makeup. Shower the night before the examination. Do not wash the inside of the vagina. Do not use any medicine to treat vaginal infections or lubricants, etc., because this will wash away or cover up abnormal secretions and some potential cancer cells that may be detected through biopsy, affecting the doctor's correct diagnosis.

3. Before the physical examination, make a record of what you want to consult the doctor and what the doctor may ask, including past medical history, menstrual history in the past three months, problems during menstruation, problems in sexual life, and previous pregnancies.

4. Communicate honestly with your doctor and don’t hide anything. It would be ignorant to delay your own health due to shyness.

5. During a pelvic examination, if you feel the urge to urinate, don't be embarrassed and be sure to go to the bathroom first. Otherwise, a full bladder will directly affect the examination results.

6. Actively cooperate with the doctor in the examination. For example, during a vaginal speculum examination, the doctor inserts a lubricated duckbill-shaped vaginal speculum into the vagina, then opens it and stretches the vaginal walls, which are usually stuck together, to see if there are any visible lesions in the vagina and cervix. Try to relax as much as possible during insertion. The more nervous you are, the more likely it is to cause pain and affect the examination results.