What are the six standards for female sex hormones?

Sex hormones are very important for women. For example, women's menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth all require sex hormones. If the sex hormones in women are abnormal, it will affect their physical health. Generally speaking, women with abnormal menstruation or long-term inability to get pregnant are usually required to undergo six sex hormone tests. What are the six standards for female sex hormones?

What are the six standards for female sex hormones?

The six common sex hormones are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL).

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): The physiological function of FSH is mainly to promote the maturation of follicles and the secretion of estrogen.

Reference value: The concentration of blood FSH is 1.5-10U/L in the preovulatory period, 8-20U/L in the ovulatory period, and 2-10U/L in the postovulatory period.

Abnormal FSH value: Low FSH value is common during estrogen and progesterone treatment, Sheehan syndrome, etc. High FSH values ​​are common in premature ovarian failure, ovarian insensitivity syndrome, primary amenorrhea, etc.

2. Luteinizing hormone (LH): The physiological function of LH is mainly to promote female ovulation and corpus luteum formation, so as to stimulate the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and estrogen.

Reference value: blood LH concentration, 2-15U/L in the preovulatory period, 20-100U/L in the ovulatory period, and 4-10U/L in the postovulatory period.

Abnormal LH value: LH lower than 5U/L is a more reliable indicator of hypogonadotropinemia, which is seen in Sheehan syndrome. If high FSH is accompanied by high LH, ovarian failure is certain. LH/FSH>=3 is one of the bases for diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome.

3. Prolactin (PR1): The main function of prolactin is to promote breast development and lactation. It works together with ovarian steroid hormones to promote the development of breast ducts and glands before delivery.

Reference values: non-pregnant period <1.14mmol/L; early pregnancy (within 13 weeks of pregnancy) <3.64mmol/L; mid-pregnancy (14-27 weeks of pregnancy) <7.8mmol/L; late pregnancy (after 28 weeks of pregnancy) <18.20mmol/L.

Abnormal PR1 value: When PRL increases (>25ng/m1) and is accompanied by symptoms such as amenorrhea and galactorrhea, it may be hyperprolactinemia; when patients with pituitary tumors have abnormally increased PRL, pituitary prolactinoma should be considered; elevated PRL levels are also seen in precocious puberty, primary hypothyroidism, premature ovarian failure, etc.; decreased PRL levels are more common in hypopituitarism, simple prolactin secretion deficiency, etc.

4. Estradiol (E2): Its main function is to make the endometrial glands grow into the proliferative stage and promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Reference value: The concentration of blood E2 is 48-52lpmol/L during ovulation, 370-1835pmol/L during ovulation, and 272-793pmol/L during postovulation.

Abnormal E2 value: Low blood E2 value is common in ovarian dysfunction, premature ovarian failure, and Sheehan syndrome. It can also be seen in hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, etc.

5. Progesterone (P): Secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary. Its main function is to promote the transition of the endometrium from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase.

Reference values: Blood P concentration in the follicular phase is <3.18 pmol/L (follicular phase: approximately the 1st to 14th day of menstruation); 15.9-63.6 pmol/L in the luteal phase (luteal phase: from ovulation to the next menstrual period); 63.6-95.4 pmol/L in early pregnancy (early: within 13 weeks of pregnancy); 159-318 pmol/L in mid-pregnancy (mid-pregnancy: 14-27 weeks of pregnancy); 318-1272 pmol/L in late pregnancy (late: 28-40 weeks of pregnancy); <3.18 after menopause.

Abnormal P value: Low blood P value in the late ovulatory period is seen in luteal insufficiency and ovulatory uterine dysfunction bleeding.

6. Testosterone (T): Its main function is to promote the development of the clitoris, labia and mons pubis, it has an antagonistic effect on androgens, and has a certain impact on systemic metabolism.

Reference values: follicular phase <1.4pmol/L; ovulatory phase <2.1pmol/L; luteal phase <1.7pmol/L; postmenopause <1.2pmol/L.

Abnormal T value: A high plasma T value in women is called hypertestosteronemia, which can cause female infertility. Hyperprolactinemia has symptoms and signs of androgen excess.