Female pelvic structure

Both men and women have pelvic cavities, but the female pelvic structure is more complicated than the male pelvic structure. The male pelvic cavity does not have a reproductive system, so it is easier to avoid some gynecological diseases. The female pelvic structure mainly includes the reproductive system, as well as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and pelvic connective tissue, etc. These may face many problems and need to be protected.

Part Introduction

Uterus

A part of the female reproductive organ of humans and animals, which is the place where the fetus or young of humans and animals develops and grows.

The endometrium is the mucosa, which is composed of epithelium (single-layer columnar epithelium, which has two types: secretory cells and ciliated cells) and lamina propria (composed of connective tissue, which contains a large number of astrocytes, called stromal cells). The endometrium can be divided into the superficial functional membrane and the deep basal layer. The functional layer is thicker, accounting for about 4/5 of the thickness of the endometrium, and the basal layer is thinner and denser, accounting for about 1/5. During the menstrual cycle, the functional layer can be peeled off, while the basal layer cannot.

oviduct

Only the left side is developed, and it is a long, winding tube. According to its structure and function, it is divided into five parts from front to back: the infundibulum - with the abdominal opening of the fallopian tube in the center and thin umbrella-shaped edges. The dilatation or albumen secretion portion is the longest and most curved part. Isthmus - the narrowed part behind the dilatation. Uterine part--enlarged into sac-like shape with thicker walls. Vagina--Narrowing

It is bent into an "S" shape, with the rear end opening on the left side of the cloaca.

Ovaries

The position is the same as the testicle, only the left side is developed (the right side has degenerated), and it is grape-shaped. They are all follicles at different stages of development. The follicles are yellow and the surface of the ovary is densely covered with blood vessels. The size of the ovaries is related to age and egg-laying period.

The ovaries are located at the posterolateral side of the uterine fundus and are connected to the side wall of the pelvic cavity. During pregnancy, the position of the uterus changes greatly due to its movement. After the fetus is delivered, the ovaries generally do not return to their original position. The ovaries are intraperitoneal organs. It is completely wrapped by the posterior leaf of the broad ligament of the uterus to form the ovarian capsule.

The peritoneal folds between the ovary and the broad ligament of the uterus are called the mesovarium. The ovarian mesentery is very short and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves that pass through it to the ovaries. The ovaries are highly mobile, and their position is often affected by the fullness of the large intestine.

It is usually located in the ovarian fossa and connected to the peritoneum of the pelvic side wall on the outside. The ovarian fossa is located in the angle between the origins of the internal and external iliac arteries, with the umbilical artery cord in front and the ureter and internal iliac artery in the back. The floor of the ovarian fossa is composed of the obturator internus muscle and the pelvic fascia and peritoneal wall covering its surface. The obturator vessels and nerves pass through the extraperitoneal tissue at the bottom of the ovarian fossa.

The location of the fetal ovaries is similar to that of the male testicles, located near the waist and kidneys. The ovaries of newborns are located higher and slightly oblique. The ovaries of adults are located low, with their long axis nearly vertical. The end of the fallopian tube is located slightly below the plane of the upper opening of the pelvis, near the external iliac vein, just opposite the sacroiliac joint. The cervical opening is downward, slightly above the pelvic floor peritoneum, and connected to the outer corner of the uterus.

The mesenteric margin is located posterior to the umbilical artery cord. The free edge is located in front of the ureter. The ovaries of older women are located lower. The position of the ovaries may be affected by the position of the uterus. When the uterus tilts to the left, the left ovary moves slightly downward and the end of the uterus turns slightly inward; when it tilts to the right, the opposite is true. The fallopian tube end of the ovary and the upper part of its posterior edge are covered by the fallopian tube umbrella and the fallopian tube funnel.