What is the disease that causes anal swelling after giving birth?

Women who have just given birth may be in a weak physical state. At this time, they should stay at home to recuperate and pay special attention to all aspects. If they find any abnormalities in their body, they should go to the hospital to see a doctor as soon as possible. Well, some women always feel a distinct feeling of anal swelling after giving birth. So, what is the disease of anal swelling after giving birth?

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are the most common anal diseases in clinical practice. The modern concept of piles was proposed by the British Thomson in 1975 [1]: piles are pathological hypertrophy of the anal cushions at the lower end of the rectum. Depending on the location of occurrence, hemorrhoids can be divided into internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids. It is currently believed that internal hemorrhoids are pathological changes or displacements of the supporting structures of the anal cushions (anal canal vascular cushions), vascular plexus, and arteriovenous anastomoses. External hemorrhoids are pathological dilatation or thrombosis of the subcutaneous vascular plexus distal to the dentate line. Mixed hemorrhoids are a mixture of internal and external hemorrhoids.

Causes

The specific pathogenesis of hemorrhoids has not yet been fully understood and may be related to multiple factors. Currently, there are mainly the following theories.

Varicose vein theory: The venous plexus is the main structure that forms the anal cushions. The formation of hemorrhoids is inevitably related to the pathological expansion and thrombosis of the venous plexus. From an anatomical point of view, the portal vein system and its branches, the rectal veins, have no venous valves; the walls of the upper and lower rectal venous plexus are thin and shallow; and the submucosal tissue of the terminal rectum is loose. These factors can easily lead to blood stasis and venous dilation. In addition, since the rectum and anal canal are located at the lowest part of the abdominal cavity, various factors, such as long-term sitting, constipation, pregnancy, prostate hypertrophy, huge pelvic tumors, etc., can cause obstruction of rectal venous return. It is currently quite controversial.

Anal cushion depression theory: The anal cushions play the role of closing the anal canal and controlling defecation. Under normal circumstances, the anal cushions are loosely attached to the muscle wall of the anal canal; they are pushed downward by downward pressure during defecation, and retract into the anal canal after defecation with the help of their own contraction. When the elastic retraction ability weakens, the anal cushions become congested and move downward to form hemorrhoids. Mainstream Western medicine supports the theory of anal cushion descent.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the causes of hemorrhoids are related to wind, dampness, heat, dryness, qi deficiency and blood deficiency.