What tests should be done for the second child?

For many women, the process of pregnancy is usually quite painful because they have no experience in childbirth. However, with the relaxation of the two-child policy, many women will choose to have a second child. When women are pregnant with a second child, although there is no pain like the first child, they still need to do all the pre-pregnancy checkups, because this is the only way to ensure the baby's health. So what tests do women need to do during their second pregnancy?

1. Why do you need a pre-pregnancy check before having a second child?

1. It is even more important to do a pre-pregnancy check-up when giving birth to the second child, because a woman's body will undergo major changes after giving birth to the first child, and it will take a period of recovery. It is also unknown whether she can get pregnant again.

2. Have a prenatal check-up before having a second child to check how your body has recovered and whether you can withstand the burden of a second pregnancy.

3. A prenatal check-up before having a second child can help you understand whether a woman has contracted other diseases that are not suitable for pregnancy after having her first child, so as to provide all necessary protection for your pregnancy.

2. What tests should women take when having a second child?

Just like having a first child, having a second child requires the couple to undergo a pre-pregnancy health check. Both men and women must quit smoking and drinking for more than half a year, stop taking contraceptives, etc. It is necessary to check whether their body functions are in a healthy state and whether they can tolerate this pregnancy. What other prenatal tests do women need to have for their second child?

At present, routine pre-pregnancy check-ups for women mainly include: routine mandatory tests (routine blood tests, urine analysis), reproductive system examination (screening for Trichomonas, fungal, mycoplasma and chlamydia infections through leucorrhea, or screening for sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis serum antibody testing and HIV antibody testing), cervical cancer prevention smear (TCT), six tests for liver function and hepatitis B, four eugenics tests (TORCH) (rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis and herpes simplex virus, etc.) and genetic disease examination.

In addition to the above inspections, you should also pay attention to the following five issues:

1. Pay more attention to monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar

With age, the degree of vascular endothelial damage progressively worsens. The incidence of pregnancy complications such as severe preeclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage in multiparas is significantly higher than that in primiparas, which can lead to an increased incidence of gestational hypertension. Therefore, before pregnancy, attention should be paid to monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels. If there are abnormalities, early treatment should be sought. It is best to wait until the condition stabilizes before becoming pregnant.

2. Check for pelvic inflammatory disease

In addition, most multiparous women have a history of artificial abortion, induced labor, and IUD removal before this pregnancy, which can easily cause endometritis, and then lead to problems such as placenta previa and placenta implantation. Therefore, before planning a pregnancy, appropriate gynecological examinations and auxiliary examinations such as B-ultrasound should be performed to rule out pelvic inflammatory disease. Mild pelvic inflammatory disease can be treated conservatively with medication, while severe cases require surgical treatment.

When undergoing the above examinations, multiparous women are required to provide a valid medical history, such as whether there were complications in the previous pregnancy (hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, etc.), the method of delivery (cesarean section or natural delivery), whether the delivery process was smooth, whether there was any soft birth canal damage, etc. In this way, during the pre-pregnancy check-up, the doctor will conduct further detailed examinations based on the medical history.

3. Blood type test cannot be ignored

In addition, neonatal hemolytic disease due to incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood types is more common in multiparous women or women with a history of miscarriage. This is an immune hemolytic disease of the fetus or neonate caused by incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood types. Clinically, it is mainly divided into ABO blood type incompatibility and Rh blood type incompatibility. Blood type incompatibility can lead to miscarriage, fetal edema, and in severe cases, intrauterine fetal death. However, these can be monitored early and treated. Therefore, before a woman prepares to have a second baby, she should pay attention to her blood type. If the woman has RH negative blood, or the woman has type O blood and the man has a blood type other than type O, blood type antibodies must be checked. Only with a baseline value can regular checkups be conducted during pregnancy to monitor whether the fetus's growth and development are normal.

4. Exercise and control your weight properly before pregnancy

With the improvement of living standards, some multiparous women have an unreasonable diet structure and consume excessive fat and protein, which causes excessive development of the fetus. In addition, the number of births of multiparous women increases, the volume of the uterine cavity changes, the early pregnancy reaction is mild, and the abdominal wall is loose, all of which can lead to macrosomia, resulting in dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen fitness and control weight reasonably before pregnancy. This is also one of the measures to ensure a smooth pregnancy.

To sum up, the occurrence of various system diseases can be screened out through relevant examinations before pregnancy, so that corresponding treatment and preventive measures can be taken to reduce the occurrence of birth defects. Pre-pregnancy check-up is an important preventive measure to reduce the birth defect rate and improve the quality of the newborn population. Multiparous women should relatively strengthen pre-pregnancy check-ups to more effectively ensure the health of mother and child.