What tests can detect cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps are a manifestation of chronic cervicitis, and married women are more likely to have cervical polyps. Once cervical polyps appear, many patients do not show obvious symptoms, and milder symptoms are often ignored by patients. Therefore, we cannot wait until symptoms appear to detect and treat cervical erosion. So, what tests can be done to detect cervical polyps? Let’s take a look below.

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1. Gynecological examination

Most cervical polyps are discovered during gynecological examinations. Examination may reveal a protruding mass at the external cervical opening, which may be tongue-shaped or spherical, generally soft in texture, with congested surface, and may be accompanied by increased secretions and contact bleeding. The roots of polyps are mostly attached to the cervical canal or the external opening of the cervix, with a diameter of less than 1 cm, single or multiple. There are also larger ones, which can reach several centimeters in diameter and have a pedicle that protrudes outside the cervical os as it grows. If the polyp is small, it will remain in the cervical canal and only appear slightly at the cervical opening.

2. Pathological examination

It can be seen that the center of the polyp is a longitudinal axis formed by fibrous connective tissue, with many dense blood vessels. Outside is the inherent tissue of the cervix, including glands and stroma. The surface is covered by cervical mucosa. The tissue composition and structure are basically the same as those of normal cervical tissue, which is a typical polyp tissue phase. Congestion, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration can also be seen.

3. Colposcopy

Depending on the epithelium covering the surface of cervical polyps, there are two types of images under the colposcope.

(1) Polyps are formed by excessive proliferation and accumulation of the cervical mucosa. Under colposcopy, the polyps appear bright red and have a certain luster. Single polyps have a thin stalk, while multiple polyps appear in clusters with a wider base and a shorter stalk. It is soft and brittle and easily bleeds when touched.

(2) Polyps originate from the squamous epithelium covering the surface of the cervical vaginal part. Since the stroma is mainly composed of fibrous connective tissue, the polyps are pink in color, protrude from the squamous epithelium of the cervix, have a wide base, and a few have a thin stalk. They are tough in texture and are not prone to bleeding when touched.

4. Others

Cervical smear showed Pap grade II. For patients with more serious conditions, cervical biopsy can be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Clinical manifestations

Cervical polyps are easily overlooked. Because more than 1/3 of patients lack obvious symptoms, or only have mild symptoms and are ignored by patients.

1. Bleeding

It is mainly a small amount of spotting, bright red bleeding, or a small amount of bleeding after sexual intercourse. For a few people, the amount of bleeding may be similar to menstruation. It may also present as postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.

2. Abnormal leucorrhea

Some patients may have yellow leucorrhea, most of which have an odor or blood in the leucorrhea.

3. Others

Unmarried patients often present with prolapse of a swelling at the vaginal opening because the disease is discovered later.