Why did I have two miscarriages?

Fetal arrest refers to fetal growth retardation, which is a very dangerous symptom for pregnant women. Of course, if the fetus stops growing too frequently, the pregnant woman should look for the reasons within herself. She can choose to go to the hospital for examination to find out the reasons. Generally, factors that lead to fetal arrest in pregnant women include: endocrine disorders, uterine abnormalities, chromosomal problems, immune factors, reproductive tract infections and pregnancy factors, etc.!

1. Endocrine disorders

Embryo implantation and continued development depend on the coordination of a complex endocrine system. Any abnormality in any link can lead to miscarriage. During the early development of the embryo, three important hormone levels are required: estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. As for the mother, if her own endogenous hormones are insufficient, it cannot meet the needs of the embryo and may cause embryo arrest and miscarriage. The most common of these is luteal dysfunction, which can cause delayed endometrial development and a short luteal phase, thereby affecting the implantation of the fertilized egg or early pregnancy miscarriage.

2. Uterine abnormalities

Both the internal environment of the uterus and the overall environment of the uterus may have an impact on the embryo. The internal environment is the endometrium. If it is too thin or too thick, it will affect implantation. About 10% to 15% of miscarriages are caused by uterine defects.

3. Chromosome problems

If the chromosomes are abnormal, it may cause the embryo to not develop and lead to early miscarriage. Chromosomal abnormalities include quantitative and structural abnormalities. Quantitative abnormalities can be divided into aneuploidy and polyploidy. The most common abnormal karyotype is aneuploid trisomy, and trisomy 16 accounts for 1/3 and is often lethal. 25-67% of pregnancies with trisomy 21, 4-50% of pregnancies with trisomy 13, and 6-33% of pregnancies with trisomy 18 are bound to result in miscarriage. Others include haploid (45, XO) and tetraploid, which result in embryonic underdevelopment due to abnormal cleavage. Structural abnormalities include deletions, balanced translocations, inversions, overlaps, etc.

4. Immune factors

Embryonic arrest caused by immune factors is relatively rare and difficult to diagnose. The immunology theory refers to the fact that after a mother becomes pregnant, the fetus is considered an allogeneic transplant because it is a combination of the parents' genetic material and cannot be exactly the same as the mother. The immune incompatibility between the mother and the fetus causes the mother to reject the fetus. However, we currently have no way of determining whether the cause of the arrest is due to the mother's rejection of the embryo. However, logically speaking, if embryonic arrest is caused by maternal rejection, it should occur relatively early, rather than after the fetal heartbeat is detected.

5. Reproductive tract infection

Severe TORCH infection in early pregnancy can cause fetal death or miscarriage, and milder infection can also cause fetal malformations. Studies have shown that cytomegalovirus can cause delayed abortion, intrauterine fetal death, etc. After the mother is infected, the pathogens can infect the placenta through the blood, causing damage to the chorionic and capillary endothelium, destroying the placental barrier, and the pathogens enter the fetus, causing miscarriage, embryonic development cessation, and fetal malformations.

6. Environmental factors

There are many environmental factors that cause miscarriage, including physical factors such as X-rays, microwaves, noise, ultrasound, high temperature, and heavy metals such as aluminum, lead, mercury, and zinc that affect the implantation of fertilized eggs or directly damage the embryo and cause miscarriage. Various chemical drugs such as dichloropropane, carbon disulfide, anesthetic gases, oral antidiabetic drugs, etc. can interfere with and damage reproductive function, causing embryo miscarriage, stillbirth, deformity, developmental delay and functional disorders. And bad living habits such as smoking, alcoholism, coffee, drugs, and certain medications all affect early embryonic development.