Trichomonas pictures

Trichomoniasis is a general term for diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas humanis and Trichomonas oralis, which parasitize the human urogenital system, gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity. It is a sparganosis disease that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse or sexual organ contact. It is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection and is contagious. Among them, candidal vaginitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is more common.

Causes

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the invasion of the vagina by the microvilli-bearing Plasmodium pyriformis vaginalis fungus. Toxoplasma gondii was first discovered by Donne (1836) in female secretions. Like human Trichomonas and oral Trichomonas, this parasite has only trophozoites but no encapsulated stage. The typical shape is pear-shaped or oval, with a size of 9.7 (4.5-19) μm and a periodontal size of 7 (2.5-12.5) μm. It moves forward with the four microvilli at the front end, and moves in a spiral motion with oscillating membrane waves.

Toxoplasma gondii is suitable for growing in a humid environment with a temperature of 25-40°C and a pH of 5.2-6.6. It does not grow in an environment below pH 5 or above pH 7.5. This parasite is a facultative anaerobic endoparasitic that can survive in the relatively oxygen-deficient female vagina and reproduce rapidly. It mainly parasitizes in the vagina and often invades the urethral orifice or paraurethral glands, and even the bladder and renal pelvis. In the male urinary system, the male prostate is more common, and it can also parasitize in the urethra or in the folds of the foreskin.

Clinical symptoms

1. The critical period is 4 to 28 days, and some patients have no symptoms in the early stages.

2. The clinical symptoms are light green foamy leucorrhea and vulva itching. The secretions are thin and have a fishy smell. If combined with bacterial infection, the leucorrhea will be purulent and accompanied by a peculiar smell. The itching mainly occurs in the vulva and private parts, and burning pain and pain during sexual intercourse are also common. Vaginal examination can reveal swelling of the vaginal mucosa and cervix, bleeding "strawberry seedling-like black spots", and vaginal tenderness.

3. If Toxoplasma gondii parasitizes in the urethral orifice and bladder, it can cause Candidal urethral orifice cystitis. Patients have symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, inability to hold urine, painful urination, urinary retention and redness and swelling of the urethra. Men may develop posterior urethritis and cystitis if Trichomonas infection is severe.

4. Most people do not show clinical symptoms after being infected with this parasite and are called asymptomatic carriers. These parasite carriers are pathogens and can cause disease when conditions are right, so they should also be treated.

Inspection

1. Examination of secretions

The diagnosis can be made by taking female secretions from the posterior fornix and vaginal wall and examining them microscopically using the hanging drop method or acid-fast staining method to find active Toxoplasma gondii.

2. Pathogen inspection

Use liver infusion or infiltration culture medium to examine the pathogens.

3. Excrement inspection

Take stool or bile to check for human Trichomonas.

4. Alveolar pus examination

Take alveolar pus to check for oral Trichomonas.