What is the cause of pelvic effusion? Gynecologists say so!

Pelvic hydrops, also known as pelvic effusion, is a common gynecological disease. Once suffering from this disease, female friends will experience lower abdominal pain, and sometimes a feeling of heaviness, which is very uncomfortable. In addition, most patients will also experience menstrual disorders. If the disease is not treated in time, it will also cause women to suffer from infertility. So what are the causes of pelvic hydrops?

First, the cause of physiological pelvic effusion

Some normal women will have a small amount of pelvic fluid during menstruation or ovulation. This is because the pelvic cavity is anatomically located at the lowest part of the abdominal cavity. When there is a small amount of exudate, transudate or ruptured bleeding in the pelvic and abdominal organs, the fluid will first accumulate in the pelvic cavity, thus forming pelvic effusion. For example, during menstruation, a small amount of menstrual blood can flow back into the pelvic cavity, causing pelvic effusion; the accumulation of follicular fluid in the pelvic cavity during ovulation in the middle of the menstrual period can also cause pelvic effusion; for patients with constipation, abnormal intestinal peristalsis can cause a small amount of intestinal fluid to leak out, leading to pelvic effusion.

Second, the cause of pathological pelvic effusion

(1) Not paying attention to hygiene during menstruation When menstruation comes, the endometrium will fall off, the blood sinuses inside the uterine cavity will be open, and small blood clots will be present, which is very suitable for the growth of bacteria. If you do not pay attention to personal hygiene during menstruation, use unclean sanitary napkins, toilet paper, etc., or have sexual intercourse during menstruation, it provides a good opportunity for bacteria to grow and infect, causing pelvic inflammatory disease in women.

(2) When inflammation of adjacent organs spreads to women with appendicitis or peritoneal inflammation, they are more likely to develop pelvic inflammation. When suffering from vaginitis and cervicitis, the inflammation will spread upward and eventually lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

(3) Postpartum and post-abortion infection After childbirth and artificial abortion, the body is weak and the immune system is low. At this time, the cervix is ​​in a dilated state. If personal hygiene is not paid attention to, the bacteria in the vagina and cervix may ascend and cause female pelvic infection.

(4) Infection after gynecological surgery: artificial abortion, IUD insertion (removal), salpingography (hydration), etc. If the disinfection during the operation is not strict, it is easy to get infection after the operation. If you do not pay attention to personal hygiene after surgery, do not follow the doctor's instructions for recovery treatment, or have sexual intercourse too early after treatment, it will cause bacteria to grow and lead to pelvic infection in women.

(5) Other ovarian and fallopian tube tumors, liver and kidney diseases can cause pelvic effusion accompanied by ascites and even pleural effusion. Ectopic pregnancy and corpus luteum rupture can cause bloody pelvic effusion. In tuberculous pelvic inflammatory disease, the surface of the peritoneum and pelvic organs are covered with miliary tuberculosis lesions, and a large amount of exudate accumulates in the pelvic cavity.

Third, check

1. Ultrasound examination

It is the primary method for checking pelvic fluid. When the amount of fluid accumulation is small, only a small anechoic area can be seen in the rectouterine pouch; when the amount of fluid accumulation is large, a wider anechoic area can be seen around the uterus and/or intestinal space. While discovering fluid accumulation, it can also identify masses or abscesses formed by adhesions of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and intestines with 85% accuracy.

2. Direct smear of secretions

It is a common method for diagnosing acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Samples can be taken from the vagina, cervical canal secretions, or urethral secretions for direct thin-layer smears, which are then dried and stained with methylene blue or Gram to detect gonococci. However, the detection rate of cervical canal gonococci is only 67%.

3. Laparoscopy

It can be used for the definitive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pelvic effusion, and can also make a preliminary judgment on the extent of the lesion. Laparoscopy can be used to treat patients with pelvic inflammatory disease or suspected pelvic inflammatory disease and other acute abdominal diseases.

4. Pathogen Culture

The secretions obtained by puncture of the cervical os and posterior fornix or laparoscopy are cultured for bacteria and subjected to drug sensitivity tests to identify the pathogenic bacteria and guide medication. The average sensitivity is 89.5%, with a specificity of 98.4%, and it is widely used in clinical practice.

5. Routine blood test, routine urine test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate

These examinations provide a basis for targeted treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and can basically reduce the misdiagnosis rate of acute pelvic inflammatory disease to a minimum.