Picture of IUD in the uterus

The contraceptive ring is a contraceptive device placed in the uterus. Because the devices used in the early stages were mostly ring-shaped, they are generally called contraceptive rings, also known as birth control rings, or IUDs.

Generally made of stainless steel, plastic, silicone and other materials, the IUD without medicine is called an inert IUD. If the IUD is added with estrogen or copper, it can improve the actual effect of contraception, which is called medicated or specific IUD. It is one of the types of contraceptive surgical instruments widely used in my country. There are many types of IUDs. The most common ones in China include single metal rings, peach rings, mixed rings, contraceptive rings, T-shaped rings, etc.

principle

The iodide ions in the copper intrauterine contraceptive ring aggravate the aseptic inflammatory response of the uterine wall and affect the specificity of cofactors necessary for embryo implantation, which is not conducive to the implantation and growth of the embryo combined with sperm and egg.

Iodide ions may also change the biochemical characteristics of cervical mucus, affect the activity and capacitation of male sperm, and further improve the actual effectiveness of contraceptive measures. Iodide ions can also immediately destroy the combination of male sperm and sperm eggs.

The effect of prostacyclin: The long-term stimulation of the contraceptive ring causes the uterine wall to produce prostacyclin. On the one hand, prostacyclin can increase uterine contractions and bilateral fallopian tube peristalsis, promote the growth and development, and disrupt the insufficient sperm and egg combination to be delivered to the uterus prematurely, thus affecting embryo implantation.

A large amount of prostacyclin can enhance the effect of estrogen, inhibit the decidual reaction of the uterine wall during pregnancy, and is not conducive to embryo implantation.

The ring can affect the normal cycle changes of the uterine wall and is not conducive to embryo implantation; it can also affect the transport or capacitation of sperm. Contraceptive rings containing high doses of levonorgestrel may also inhibit ovulation, change the properties of cervical mucus, and hinder the penetration of male sperm.

The principle of human pregnancy is that the woman's ovaries release eggs, which are fertilized in the ampulla of the fallopian tubes and then grow into test tube embryos (morulas) in both fallopian tubes. The test tube embryos are then placed in the uterus for embryo implantation and development. And contraception is one of the steps that stands in the way.

The contraceptive principle of the IUD (contraceptive ring) is: when a test tube embryo is about to implant in the uterus, the continuous position of the contraceptive ring scrapes the endometrium, causing aseptic inflammation of the uterus, making it impossible for the test tube embryo to implant normally in the uterus, thereby causing miscarriage, thereby achieving the purpose of contraception. The essence of the IUD (contraceptive ring) is a long-term, gentle abortion procedure by curettage and abortion, and is the preferred contraceptive measure for women after marriage.