How can patients with kidney disease recover scientifically? Please keep this nursing guide!

The kidney is an important excretory and endocrine organ of the human body. Once a disease occurs, it will not only affect the body's normal metabolism, but may also cause a series of serious complications. For patients with kidney disease, in addition to actively cooperating with the doctor's treatment, scientific rehabilitation care is also very important. It can not only help patients relieve symptoms and improve their quality of life, but also to a certain extent delay the progression of the disease and promote physical recovery. Below, we will introduce the scientific rehabilitation care guide for patients with kidney disease in detail.

1. Diet care

1. Control protein intake : Protein is an essential nutrient for the human body, but for patients with kidney disease, excessive protein intake will increase the burden on the kidneys. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably control protein intake according to the condition and renal function. Generally speaking, patients with normal renal function can consume 0.8-1.0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day; for patients with impaired renal function, protein intake should be reduced accordingly and can be controlled at 0.6-0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. At the same time, high-quality protein should be given priority, such as eggs, milk, fish, lean meat, etc. The protein in these foods contains essential amino acids for the human body, has high nutritional value, and is easy to digest and absorb.

2. Limit salt and water intake : A high-salt diet can lead to sodium and water retention, increase the burden on the kidneys and increase edema symptoms. Patients with kidney disease should strictly limit their salt intake, and the daily salt intake should not exceed 5 grams. For patients with obvious edema, the salt intake should be lower, and even a salt-free diet is required. In addition, water intake should also be adjusted according to urine volume and edema. In general, the patient's daily water intake should be equal to the urine volume of the previous day plus 500 ml. If the urine volume is small or the edema is severe, the water intake should be further reduced to avoid aggravating the edema.

3. Control the intake of phosphorus and potassium : When kidney function is impaired, the kidney's ability to excrete phosphorus and potassium decreases, which can easily lead to hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia. Hyperphosphatemia can cause hyperparathyroidism, leading to calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, further damaging the kidneys and bones; hyperkalemia may cause arrhythmia and even endanger life. Therefore, patients with kidney disease should avoid eating foods with high phosphorus and potassium content, such as animal offal, nuts, bananas, oranges, potatoes, etc. If potassium supplementation is needed, low-potassium fruits and vegetables can be selected, such as apples, strawberries, winter melon, etc.

2. Rest and exercise care

1. Ensure adequate rest : Adequate rest is essential for the recovery of patients with kidney disease. Excessive fatigue will increase the burden on the kidneys and aggravate the condition. Patients should ensure that they have enough sleep time every day, generally 7-8 hours, and avoid staying up late and overwork. In the acute stage of the disease or when edema is severe, patients should rest in bed to reduce the burden on the kidneys and promote physical recovery. As the condition improves, the amount of activity can be gradually increased, but strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor should still be avoided.

2. Moderate exercise : Moderate exercise can enhance the body's immunity, promote blood circulation, and help the kidneys recover. Kidney patients can choose some suitable exercise methods, such as walking, Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, etc. These exercises are moderate in intensity and will not cause too much burden on the kidneys. When exercising, you should pay attention to gradual progress and avoid excessive fatigue. Generally speaking, it is advisable to exercise 3-5 times a week, 30-60 minutes each time. During exercise, if you experience discomfort symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, etc., you should stop exercising immediately and seek medical attention in time.

3. Psychological care

1. Maintain a good attitude : Kidney disease is a chronic disease with a long treatment process. Patients often face both physical and psychological pressure. Long-term anxiety, depression and other negative emotions will affect patients' treatment compliance and physical recovery. Therefore, patients should maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, face the disease correctly, and build confidence in overcoming the disease. They can relieve psychological pressure and adjust their mentality by communicating with family and friends, participating in some social activities or psychological counseling.

2. Seek psychological support : The care and support of family and friends are crucial to the psychological recovery of kidney patients. They should give patients enough care and understanding and encourage them to actively cooperate with treatment. At the same time, patients can also join some mutual aid organizations for kidney patients to exchange experiences with other patients, encourage each other, and face the challenges brought by the disease together.

IV. Medication and follow-up care

1. Strictly follow the doctor's instructions: Kidney disease patients need to take various drugs for a long time, such as antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, diuretics, immunosuppressants, etc. These drugs play a key role in controlling the condition and delaying the progression of the disease. Patients should strictly follow the doctor's instructions to take the medicine on time, and do not increase or decrease the dosage or stop the medicine on their own. During the medication process, if adverse drug reactions occur, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, etc., the doctor should be informed in time so that the treatment plan can be adjusted.

2. Regular review : Regular review is an important means to monitor changes in the condition of kidney disease patients and adjust treatment plans. Patients should undergo regular renal function, urine routine, blood pressure, blood sugar and other tests according to the doctor's requirements in order to detect changes in their condition in a timely manner. Generally speaking, patients with stable conditions can be reviewed every 1-3 months; patients with unstable conditions or in the acute stage should be reviewed more frequently. Through regular review, doctors can adjust treatment plans according to the patient's condition to ensure the effectiveness and safety of treatment.

The scientific rehabilitation of kidney patients requires comprehensive care from multiple aspects such as diet, rest, exercise, psychology, medication and reexamination. Patients should actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment, follow the scientific rehabilitation nursing guidelines, and maintain good living habits and mentality, so as to better promote physical recovery and improve the quality of life. I hope that this nursing guide can provide useful help for the majority of kidney patients, so that they can overcome the disease and recover their health as soon as possible.