How to screen and detect these 5 most common cancers early?

Tumors have become a serious threat to human health. The latest data in 2020 show that the number of new cases of malignant tumors in my country has reached 3.929 million per year, and the number of deaths has reached 2.338 million. The top five cancers with the highest incidence rates in China are: lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer.

Cancer is like a devil, everyone tries to avoid it as much as possible.

How to screen and detect the 5 most common cancers early? Let's take a look at...

1. Lung cancer

One Chinese person is killed every 40 seconds

1. Who is at high risk of lung cancer?

Over 40 years old

Smoking index ≥ 400 (smoking index = number of cigarettes smoked per day × number of years of smoking)

Quit smoking < 15 years ago.

Have a family history of lung cancer

2. What tests can detect lung cancer early?

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world, with the highest incidence and mortality rate. For smokers, it is recommended to have a low-dose chest CT scan once a year, which is helpful for early detection of lung cancer.

3. How to prevent lung cancer?

Quit smoking,

Avoid occupational exposure,

Standardized treatment of respiratory diseases,

Avoid indoor air pollution.

2. Breast cancer

The leading cancer in women

1. Who is at high risk of breast cancer?

Patients with a history of atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ.

Those who have received chest radiotherapy before the age of 30.

People with relatives who had breast cancer before the age of 50;

Those with ≥2 family members suffering from breast cancer or ovarian cancer;

2. What tests can detect breast cancer early?

Breast cancer feels hard and bumpy, and may be accompanied by nipple discharge or retraction, but it is difficult to feel in the early stages when it is small, so regular checks are still needed.

The above-mentioned risk groups should undergo breast X-ray or breast ultrasound every 1 to 2 years starting at the age of 40.

3. How to prevent breast cancer?

Stay away from alcohol and tobacco,

A balanced diet

Timely birth,

Have regular physical examinations.

3. Gastric Cancer

Rarely occurs without Helicobacter pylori infection

1. Who is at high risk of gastric cancer?

Anyone who has any of the following conditions is considered a high-risk person:

Over 60 years old;

People who eat high-salt, pickled foods, smoke, or drink heavily;

Moderate and severe atrophic gastritis; chronic gastric ulcer; gastric polyps; residual stomach after gastric cancer surgery (6-12 months after surgery); Helicobacter pylori infection; clear family history of gastric cancer or esophageal cancer...

2. What examination can detect gastric cancer early?

Patients aged >40 years with upper abdominal discomfort symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, acid reflux, heartburn, as well as chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa, gastric polyps, remnant stomach, giant gastric fold sign, chronic gastric ulcer and gastric epithelial dysplasia, as well as those with a family history of tumors, should undergo regular gastroscopy according to the doctor's advice.

3. How to prevent gastric cancer?

Stay away from alcohol and tobacco,

A balanced diet

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori,

Eat less raw, cold and spicy food.

4. Colorectal cancer

Rich cancers are gradually rising in incidence

1. Who is at high risk for colorectal cancer?

Asymptomatic people over 45 years old;

People over 40 years old with anorectal symptoms lasting for 2 weeks; (refers to people with any of the following symptoms lasting for more than 2 weeks: changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, etc.; changes in stool shape, such as thin stools; changes in stool properties, such as blood in the stool, mucus in the stool, etc.; pain in a fixed part of the abdomen.)

Patients with long-term ulcerative colitis; People after colorectal cancer surgery; People after colorectal adenoma treatment;

Direct relatives with a family history of colorectal cancer; direct relatives of patients diagnosed with hereditary colorectal cancer, over 20 years old.

2. What examination can detect colorectal cancer early?

Colon cancer is the fourth most common cancer in China, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. However, if it can be detected early, the treatment effect is very good.

The incidence of colon cancer is strongly correlated with age. People over 50 years old, regardless of gender, are recommended to undergo a colonoscopy and follow up with regular examinations based on the results.

3. How to prevent colorectal cancer?

Regular exercise,

Increase crude fiber diet,

Quit smoking and drink less

5. Liver cancer

Rankings continue to fall, thanks to hepatitis B vaccine

1. Who is at high risk of liver cancer?

Men over 40 years old, women over 45 years old;

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; long-term alcoholism;

People infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus; people suffering from cirrhosis or severe fatty liver;

Have a family history of liver cancer;

2. What tests can detect liver cancer early?

People at high risk of liver cancer, males aged 35 and over and females aged 45 and over, should be screened;

Combined use of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and liver ultrasound examination, screening once every 4-6 months.

3. How to prevent liver cancer?

Active treatment,

Hepatitis B vaccination,

Quit smoking and drink less alcohol,

Light diet,

Avoid moldy food

Active physical examination.