How much do you know about the care of hemodialysis lifeline?

Hemodialysis, also known as hemodialysis, is one of the ways of kidney replacement therapy for patients with acute and chronic renal failure. It mainly uses professional medical facilities to drain blood from the body to the outside of the body. Through a dialyzer composed of many hollow fibers, blood and electrolyte solutions with similar concentrations to the body are also called dialysate. In and outside the hollow fibers, substances are exchanged through diffusion, ultrafiltration, and convection principles to remove metabolic waste from the patient's body, maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance, and remove excess water from the body. The purified blood is then returned to the body. When the patient decides to undergo hemodialysis, it is necessary to help the patient establish a vascular access. This vascular access is called the patient's "lifeline", and the purified blood is transported back to the body through this vascular access. In general, complications are one of the most serious causes of death. While doing a good job of hemodialysis treatment, it is also necessary to provide reasonable and scientific care for the vascular access to reduce a series of complications. Under the premise of cooperating with professional treatment, paying attention to self-care can play a role in prolonging life. At this stage, many people do not know enough about how to care for the hemodialysis lifeline. The following is a comprehensive explanation of the hemodialysis lifeline care measures.

1. Benefits of hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is a type of renal replacement therapy that can help patients remove toxic substances and excess water from the blood, thereby alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life. The basic principle of hemodialysis is to use a semipermeable membrane to draw the patient's blood out of the body, then filter the harmful substances and water in the blood, and at the same time supplement the substances needed by the patient, thereby alleviating symptoms. Hemodialysis usually treats diseases such as uremia and chronic renal failure, helping patients to excrete metabolic waste and excess water in the body, thereby maintaining the body's normal metabolic level. However, it should be noted that after hemodialysis, you should pay attention to controlling your water intake and weight to prevent complications caused by excessive water, and also pay attention to preventing infection and bleeding.

2. Nursing measures for hemodialysis lifeline

Hemodialysis is one of the main treatment measures for many patients with end-stage renal disease. Establishing the corresponding hemodialysis lifeline is the prerequisite for hemodialysis. Many people call vascular access the "lifeline". The functional status of the vascular access directly affects the quality of hemodialysis. The arteriovenous fistula in your body is the most effective dialysis vascular access. Through surgery, the peripheral artery and the superficial vein are anastomosed, so that arterial blood flows to the superficial vein, and the vein is arterialized to obtain sufficient blood flow, which becomes a permanent vascular access for dialysis patients. For this vascular access, correct care is even more important.

(1) Preoperative nursing measures for hemodialysis lifeline: ① Psychological care for hemodialysis patients: Before the operation, medical staff need to introduce the importance of arteriovenous fistula to patients and their families, and can take patients to watch dialysis on site, watch fellow patients' arteriovenous fistulas, and explain the corresponding surgical methods to help patients relieve their own tension and anxiety, so that patients can voluntarily accept the corresponding surgery. ② Skin and blood vessel care: It is necessary to protect the blood vessels of the fistula-side limb to prevent this side of the limb from being squeezed. Try not to wear tight clothes, and do not use the fistula limb to measure blood pressure, injection, blood transfusion and other operations. ③ Preoperative skin preparation, use soapy water to clean the skin on the fistula side. ④ It is necessary to make a reasonable and scientific assessment of the patient's vital signs. (2) Postoperative nursing measures for hemodialysis lifeline: ① After the fistula surgery, the limb on the fistula surgery side needs to be appropriately raised to prevent venous reflux and reduce the swelling of the patient's arm. And observe the patient's general condition and the patency of the arteriovenous fistula 24 hours after the operation. ②Change the dressing regularly, strictly follow aseptic techniques, and do not wrap the dressing too tightly. ③Functional examination: within one week after surgery, the nursing staff needs to check whether the vascular access is unobstructed several times, mainly to monitor vascular tremor and vascular murmur. If there is any abnormality, deal with it in time, and teach the patient how to judge whether it is unobstructed. ④To promote the maturation of the fistula, the patient uses the surgical hand to squeeze the rubber ball or rubber band several times a day, and it is best to persist for 3-5 minutes each time. ⑤Patients and their families learn to self-monitor, touch or monitor the actual situation of the fistula anastomosis and whether there is redness and swelling at the puncture site every day, mainly to monitor vascular tremor and vascular murmur. The fistula side limb can be placed to the ear to hear the impact of blood flow. The fingers touch the arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous blood vessels to feel the vascular tremor. If the tremor is significantly weakened or other abnormal conditions are found, contact the medical staff immediately for emergency treatment. It is important to note that the limb on the fistula side needs to wear casual and loose clothing to avoid strenuous exercise and pressure on the limb on the fistula side. Before dialysis, the patient needs to clean the skin on the fistula side and keep the dialysis site dry to prevent infection and bleeding.

(Chen Yanna, Hemodialysis Room, Peng Pai Memorial Hospital, Haifeng County)