Fifteen pieces of advice for people with diabetes

Diabetes is a common chronic disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. To help people with diabetes better manage their disease, here are 15 simple tips:

1. Type 2 diabetes is a multi-gene genetic disease. Genetics, unhealthy eating habits, obesity, lack of exercise, and advanced age all contribute to the onset of the disease. Genetics and age cannot be changed, but eating habits can be changed, weight can be controlled, and activity can be increased. A healthy lifestyle can reduce the onset of the disease and make complications less likely to occur after the disease occurs.

2. Generally speaking, diabetes is a lifelong disease that requires lifelong control. Even if you control your blood sugar by improving your lifestyle for a period of time, once you relax, your blood sugar will rise again. Controlling diabetes is like sailing against the current. If you don't move forward, you will fall behind.

3. Diet control does not mean not eating anything, nor does it mean starvation. Diabetics also need nutrition, and malnutrition also increases mortality. Diet control for diabetes is a balanced diet, with sugar, protein, fat, dietary fiber, etc. all taken in proportion.

4. For diabetics, refined staple foods rich in monosaccharides are very harmful, and beverages and alcohol are even more harmful. Alcohol interferes with the secretion of insulin and sugar metabolism, and beverages are monosaccharides.

5. Controlling weight is important, sometimes even more important than controlling diet.

6. Regular exercise can reduce the occurrence of diabetes and reduce the amount of medication required.

7. If you cannot control blood sugar to the standard through non-drug measures such as diet control and exercise, don't refuse medication. Medication is still the most effective measure to control blood sugar.

8. Diabetes must not only be treated, but blood sugar must also be controlled to meet standards. If blood sugar does not meet standards, treatment will be ineffective.

9. Diabetic patients should not only strictly control blood sugar, but also strictly control blood pressure, control blood lipids, quit smoking, etc. Only when these indicators are controlled to meet the standards can complications be avoided.

10. In addition to lowering blood sugar, good blood sugar-lowering drugs are those that can also protect important organs, such as levofloxacin, peptide blood sugar-lowering drugs and metformin. These three types of drugs constitute the "iron triangle" of diabetes treatment and should be given priority.

11. Metformin does not harm the kidneys, nor do other hypoglycemic drugs. However, metformin is excreted through the kidneys, and after renal failure, it is easy for metformin to accumulate in the body, inducing lactic acidosis in some cases. Do not use metformin after the glomerular filtration rate is less than 30ml/min. The same is true for other hypoglycemic drugs excreted through the kidneys, such as sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs. After renal failure, drug accumulation is prone to hypoglycemia.

12. For patients with diabetes combined with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular high-risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, etc., peptide hypoglycemic drugs and gliflozin hypoglycemic drugs are the first choice.

13. For diabetic patients with concomitant kidney disease or heart failure, the first choice is levofloxacin and fenarenon.

14. It is normal to have a urine sugar level of 4+ after taking glucose-lowering drugs such as levofloxacin. It does not harm the kidneys but protects them.

15. Although insulin is good, it also has side effects, such as hypoglycemia, weight gain and potential risk of heart failure. In addition, insulin has no cardiorenal protective effect, so it is not the first choice for most diabetics.