How much do you know about myocardial infarction?

1. Concept

Myocardial infarction, English name: (myocardial infarction, MI) refers to myocardial necrosis caused by acute, persistent ischemia and hypoxia (coronary artery insufficiency).

2. Causes

More than 90% of myocardial infarctions are caused by thrombosis on the basis of coronary atherosclerotic lesions.

3. Predisposing sites

The coronary artery blood supply area is consistent, and myocardial infarction often occurs in the left ventricle.

4. Causes of Myocardial Infarction

Including overwork, emotional excitement, overeating, cold stimulation, constipation, heavy bleeding, shock, dehydration, surgery or serious arrhythmia.

5. Clinical manifestations

About half of the patients with acute myocardial infarction have prodromal symptoms 1 to 2 days or 1 to 2 weeks before the onset of the disease. The most common is that the original stable angina pectoris becomes unstable, or there is a sudden onset of prolonged angina pectoris after no angina pectoris. Pain Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction include sudden onset of severe and persistent squeezing pain behind the sternum, which cannot be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, and is often accompanied by irritability, sweating, fear or a sense of impending death.

VI. Precautionary Principle

1. Common precursor symptoms of myocardial infarction include the following:

① Recently, I have had frequent attacks of angina pectoris, and sublingual nitroglycerin is ineffective.

② Angina pectoris often occurs during sleep in the recent period.

③Suddenly feel chest tightness and discomfort, and experience palpitations, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing after activities.

④ Severe chest pain, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, chest tightness, palpitations, etc. If patients go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment immediately after experiencing any of the above symptoms, the incidence of myocardial infarction can be effectively reduced.

2. In case of sudden myocardial infarction, the patient should lie down as much as possible, as lying flat will minimize the burden on the heart. Give the patient sublingual nitroglycerin as soon as possible to improve the blood supply to the myocardium. Some myocardial infarctions will cause high blood pressure, which will increase the burden on the heart. After sublingual nitroglycerin, call 120 as soon as possible and rush the patient to a cardiac hospital for further rescue.

7. Health Education

1. Actively treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

2. Never lift anything too heavy. When lifting heavy objects, you must bend over and hold your breath. This has a similar effect on the respiratory and circulatory systems as holding your breath when defecating, and is a common cause of myocardial infarction in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.

3. Relax your mind and live happily.

4 Pay special attention when bathing, and do not bathe when you are full or hungry.

5. Three musts and three don'ts. The "three musts" are: first, take medicine on time and have regular follow-up visits; second, keep bowel movements smooth; and third, insist on physical exercise. The "three don'ts" are: first, don't get emotional; second, don't overwork; and third, don't smoke, drink, or eat too much. It is advisable to eat a low-salt, low-fat, and easily digestible diet, and add or remove clothes in time according to seasonal changes.