Please keep this vaccination guide for your cute baby!

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Compiled by New Media Editor Duan Dawei

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Vaccines are a powerful weapon for humans to fight against diseases

Throughout the history of human development, humans have been constantly attacked and troubled by infectious diseases. At the same time, pathogens have also evolved with humans. In the 18th century, scientists invented an effective weapon against diseases - vaccines. Vaccines have enabled humans to turn passivity into initiative when facing the threat of infectious diseases, and have played an important role in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy.

Vaccines can prevent diseases because they can stimulate the body to produce antibodies that protect the body from the corresponding pathogens. With the development of medicine and biotechnology, more and more vaccines are available for preventing diseases. Practice has proved that vaccination is currently the most economical and effective intervention measure for preventing infectious diseases. Since my country implemented planned immunization in 1978, the incidence and mortality of diseases such as measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, polio, tuberculosis, and tetanus have been reduced by popularizing children's immunization. The incidence of infectious diseases targeted by most vaccines has also dropped to the lowest level in history.

For individuals, vaccination is also an effective means to reduce the incidence of diseases and medical expenses. It can be said that vaccines are a "weapon" for humans to fight against diseases. When choosing to use vaccines, we should not worry too much about the very rare adverse reactions that occur. We should understand and treat them with a scientific attitude and strictly follow the vaccination procedures.

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Category I vaccines must be administered! How to administer Category II vaccines?

Vaccines are generally divided into two categories in mainland China: one is the government-sponsored immunization program vaccines, and the other is non-immunization program vaccines.

▲ Immunization Program Vaccine Table (Photo source: People's Daily Online)

Immunization program vaccines refer to vaccines that are required by the state. Before entering kindergarten or school, you need to check whether you have completed the vaccination. They are free of charge, such as hepatitis B vaccine, polio vaccine, diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine, etc.

"Self-paid vaccines, also known as non-immunisation program vaccines, exist to supplement and partially replace immunisation program vaccines," said Lu Mingxia, director of the Monitoring Room 1 of the Immunisation Program Institute of the Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Among the non-immunisation program vaccines, one is a supplementary vaccine, such as the rabies vaccine and tetanus vaccine for human use injected in emergency situations, which are also non-immunisation program vaccines. In addition, the more familiar varicella vaccine and influenza vaccine can effectively prevent the corresponding diseases.

The other is alternative vaccines. Some are free, and some are paid, but the paid ones also have certain advantages. For example, sugar pills are attenuated live vaccines, and there are alternative inactivated vaccines (IPV), which are recommended for children with low immune function. There are also combined vaccines, which are provided separately for free, and charged for quadruple and pentavalent vaccines, which can reduce the number of vaccinations and are also a good choice.

The types of these two types of vaccines are not static. With the implementation of the national policy to expand the immunization program, more non-immunization program vaccines may be included in the national immunization program in the future.

Although Class II vaccines are not required to be used by the entire population, they are still necessary for some specific groups of people.

Have special diseases

Some vaccines are not currently produced in my country, and only imported vaccines are available. For example, the polio vaccine currently produced in my country is a live attenuated vaccine, while the inactivated vaccine is only imported. If a child is immunocompromised, he or she must choose to receive the inactivated polio vaccine, and in this case, only imported vaccines can be chosen.

Go to a specific area

Some infectious diseases are endemic. For example, Africa is currently an area where Ebola, malaria, cholera, hemorrhagic fever and other diseases are prevalent. If you go to countries in these areas, you need to get the corresponding vaccines.

Worried about children contracting certain diseases

The second-class vaccines currently recommended for vaccination include: Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) vaccine, influenza vaccine, varicella vaccine, hand, foot and mouth disease (EV71) vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, etc.

Therefore, when deciding whether or not to administer non-immunisation program vaccines, parents should first refer to the advice of the vaccinating doctor and secondly, continuously increase their scientific knowledge about the hazards of diseases and vaccines, and make choices about vaccinating with non-immunisation program vaccines.

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Be cautious when getting vaccinated while sick

Infants 6 months after birth can acquire a certain ability to resist infectious diseases from their mothers, but as they grow, their resistance gradually weakens or disappears, and children are more susceptible to various infectious diseases. In order to improve children's ability to resist infectious diseases, it is necessary to vaccinate them in a planned manner to protect their health.

Zhang Zhiyong, deputy chief physician of the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, said, "Before vaccination, parents should pay attention to whether their children have acute diseases, allergic constitutions, immune dysfunction, neurological diseases, etc., and vaccinate under the guidance of the vaccinators."

Zhang Zhiyong pointed out that children are not suitable for vaccination in the following circumstances: body temperature exceeds 37.3℃; severe malnutrition, suffering from severe rickets, anemia, etc.; in the acute stage of the disease, such as diarrhea, severe cough, etc.; allergic constitution or asthma, urticaria, and in the allergic attack period; severe dermatitis or skin infection, eczema; heart disease, hepatitis, nephritis, active tuberculosis; brain disease or nervous system damage, such as sequelae of encephalitis, epilepsy; incomplete defense function, suffering from certain serious primary immunodeficiency diseases, etc.

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Children's vaccination "strategy" should be remembered

Preparations before vaccination. New parents should bathe their babies the day before vaccination and dress them in clean, loose clothes on the day of vaccination to facilitate the doctor's vaccination. On the day of vaccination, bring the "Vaccination Certificate" and go to the nearest community health service center/township health center for vaccination. Children with household registration outside the city should be vaccinated at the vaccination unit in the temporary residence. After each vaccination, the doctor will record the time of vaccination, vaccine name and other information on the "Vaccination Certificate" to facilitate verification of the vaccination status.

Precautions during vaccination. Before preparing for vaccination, the doctor will generally check the baby's health status, such as checking body temperature, heartbeat, etc. Parents must let the doctor fully understand the baby's health information so that the doctor can accurately judge the vaccination contraindications. You can also ask the doctor questions to protect the baby's vaccination safety. Vaccination is divided into: oral and injection. The injection is generally in the outer deltoid muscle of the baby's upper arm or the middle of the front and outer thigh. To prevent the baby from moving around, parents can fix the baby with both hands, and try to distract the baby's attention to prevent the baby from crying too much. After vaccination, you should press the needle hole with a cotton swab for a few minutes. When there is no bleeding, you can remove the cotton swab. Do not rub the vaccination site. During the vaccination period, parents can bring some small toys to amuse the baby to prevent the waiting time from being too long and the baby from being unhappy. Don't forget to supplement the baby with food in time.

Precautions after vaccination. After the vaccination, you need to rest in the observation area of ​​the vaccination clinic for 30 minutes. If there are obvious adverse reactions, you can ask the doctor to diagnose and treat your baby in time. After the vaccination, let the baby rest properly, drink plenty of water, and keep warm. Do not bathe the baby on the day of vaccination, but ensure the cleanliness of the vaccination site to prevent local infection. If a nodule appears at the vaccination site after vaccination with the diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine, you can start hot compresses on the second day after vaccination to help the nodule subside. If the baby has a slight fever, loss of appetite, irritability, and crying after vaccination, don't worry, these reactions will generally disappear automatically within a few days. But if the reaction is strong and lasts for a long time, take the baby to the hospital immediately.

(Source: Xinhuanet, People's Daily Online, Dahe.com, Science Popularization China, National Health Commission, etc.)

Produced by: Science Central Kitchen

Produced by: Beijing Science and Technology News | Beijing Science and Technology Media

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