Why does my period last for ten days but is black in color?

When women enter puberty, the amount of estrogen secreted in their bodies will increase, and their bodies will begin to show some unique feminine charms. Especially menstruation is normal. Menstrual bleeding occurs mainly because estrogen affects the endometrium, causing the endometrium to fall off and blood to flow out. So, why is it that my period has not ended and the blood is black even though it has been ten days?

Normal menstrual bleeding usually lasts for 3 to 7 days. If it lasts for more than 10 days, it can be considered as prolonged bleeding. Excessive menstrual bleeding can be caused by many reasons, the most common of which are: fatigue during menstruation, cold, endocrine disorders, IUD insertion, gynecological inflammation, uterine fibroids, blood diseases, liver or kidney diseases, endometrial abnormalities, etc.

1. The main cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is the dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis regulation. For adolescent functional uterine bleeding, because the regulatory function of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland is immature, stable cyclical regulation and positive feedback have not been established with the ovaries, FSH levels remain low, no LH peak is formed, and although the follicles grow, there is no ovulation. When the growth reaches a certain level, the follicles become atretic. Low estradiol (E2) cannot form positive feedback. During menopause, ovarian function declines and the number of follicles decreases significantly. The sensitivity of the follicles to gonadotropins decreases, E2 secretion is significantly reduced, and FSH levels increase. Because the positive feedback level of estrogen cannot be reached, there is no pre-ovulatory LH peak, and anovulatory functional uterine bleeding occurs.

There are many mechanisms for functional uterine bleeding during childbearing age, such as the influence of physical condition, feedback mechanism uncoordinated, peripheral androgen conversion to estrone, increasing the level of E2 converted from estrone, disrupting the cyclical changes of E2, causing FSH/LH ratio imbalance, no LH peak, no ovulation, etc. There is also an unexplained low FSH/LH ratio, which affects the maturation of follicles, and E2 is too low to cause positive feedback, resulting in no ovulation. The principle of treatment is to supplement estrogen and progesterone cyclically or sequentially to achieve the purpose of hemostasis or cyclical menstruation. Women of childbearing age can also undergo ovulation induction to establish a normal follicular development cycle.

2. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological endocrine diseases. The latest research estimates that the incidence of PCOS in women of childbearing age is approximately 4% to 12%. The main clinical features of PCOS are ovulatory disorders, irregular menstruation or amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, etc. Its typical endocrine characteristics are: high LH/FSH ratio, hyperandrogenism, hyperestrogenism, hyperprolactinemia, insulin resistance, etc. The main treatment direction of PCOS is to reduce LH and androgen levels, improve insulin resistance, and induce ovulation at low doses to establish a normal development microenvironment for follicles.