Cervical epithelial cell lesions

The trend of cervical diseases in women is increasing. In particular, we should be alert to the possibility of cervical epithelial cell lesions and take preventive measures in advance. According to relevant information, the occurrence of cervical cancer in women is related to many factors. For example, the incidence rate in women who smoke for a long time is much higher than that in women who do not smoke. In other words, women should have good and reasonable eating habits, and the most important thing is to have regular check-ups, especially married women with children.

The term CIN was a pathological diagnosis that was widely used in the 1970s and 1980s. However, a large number of studies in the past 20 years have revealed that cervical cancer and precancerous lesions are related to HPV infection. Further studies have found that CIN is not a single continuous lesion of varying degrees, but can be divided into two types of lesions with significantly different clinical pathological processes: low-grade lesions and high-grade lesions.

At the end of the 20th century, there were three important innovations in cervical cytology diagnosis:

1. Innovation in diagnostic theory The traditional Pap grading was replaced by TBS, which performs descriptive diagnosis based on cell morphology and comprehensively evaluates the lesions in combination with background, specimen quantity and nature, and slide preparation technology;

2. Innovation in slide preparation technology: The automatic liquid-based cell slide preparation system increases repeatability and can automatically and massively produce high-quality, low-background cytological smears;

3. Innovation in diagnostic technology: Using computerized film reading systems for initial screening greatly improves work efficiency.

The following table shows the correspondence between Pap grading and TBS grading (only a portion is quoted here).

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a general term for a group of precancerous lesions that are closely related to invasive cervical cancer. It includes cervical atypical hyperplasia and cervical carcinoma in situ, reflecting the continuous development process of cervical cancer, that is, a series of pathological changes from cervical atypical hyperplasia (mild → moderate → severe) → carcinoma in situ → early invasive cancer → invasive cancer.

(1) Smoking

There is a certain relationship between smoking and the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Its degradation product nicotine has a similar irritation to lung cancer and plays an important role in the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

(2) Microbial infection

Infection with gonococci, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Trichomonas can increase susceptibility to HPV and is thus associated with the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

(3) Endogenous and exogenous immunodeficiency: Infection with immunodeficiency viruses can increase the incidence of CIN, such as Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, collagen vascular disease and HPV-infected diseases.