What causes bleeding during 5 weeks of pregnancy?

Many pregnant women will experience bleeding during pregnancy. Early bleeding refers to the appearance of a small amount of bloody discharge from the vagina within 12 weeks of pregnancy, similar to the amount of bleeding at the beginning or end of menstruation. The bleeding may be pink, red, or brown in color. About 1/4 of pregnant women will experience varying degrees of spotting in the early stages of pregnancy, and about half of them will eventually miscarry. Early bleeding in pregnant women is an abnormal condition. Let's take a look at what causes early bleeding in pregnancy.

Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy may be caused by:

(1) Miscarriage

Populations at risk: those with fetal chromosomal abnormalities, maternal hormone disorders, congenital uterine developmental abnormalities or acquired defects, immune system problems, viral infections, pregnant women with chronic diseases (such as heart disease, kidney disease and blood diseases), overwork, excessive stress, too intense sexual life, external impact, environmental pollution, improper use of medication, smoking, drinking, excessive caffeine intake or other foods that promote uterine contractions, etc.

Cause: Before the placenta is fully formed, the embryo implantation is not stable, so many factors can cause miscarriage. When miscarriage occurs, the embryo and the uterine wall will separate to varying degrees. Once the blood vessels at the separation surface rupture, vaginal bleeding symptoms will occur. According to a medical research statistic, more than 50% of pregnant women can safely get through the early pregnancy bleeding and successfully continue the pregnancy; about 30% of pregnant women may experience miscarriage; and nearly 10% of pregnant women may have ectopic pregnancy or other problems. Some pregnant women worry that if they have abnormal vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, the baby will be unhealthy after they successfully preserve the fetus. Many studies have shown that more than half of miscarriages are caused by abnormalities in the embryo itself. This is a kind of natural selection. If the pregnancy can continue, the fetus is generally normal.

(2) Cervical polyps, cervical erosion or cervical lesions

People at risk: those with complicated sexual life, poor hygiene habits, irregular lifestyle, poor body resistance, etc.

Cause: When it comes to bleeding in early pregnancy, many people tend to ignore the problem of the cervix. If the cervix is ​​severely inflamed and eroded, or if there are already cervical polyps, it is easy for the surface capillaries to rupture and bleed due to hormonal changes after pregnancy. In recent years, the age group in which cervical cancer most commonly occurs has quietly dropped to 30 to 40 years old. Being pregnant does not mean that there is no problem with the cervix. Cervical smear tests should be done regularly before and after pregnancy. If there is vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, the cervix should also be checked for problems.

(3) Ectopic pregnancy

People at high risk: those who have a history of pelvic inflammation, pelvic adhesions, have undergone fallopian tube surgery, or had an ectopic pregnancy in the previous pregnancy. Cause: When the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, it is called an ectopic pregnancy. The incidence rate is about 1%, and 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube. Because the wall of the fallopian tube is very thin, it cannot provide enough nutrition to the embryo. The gradually developing fertilized egg causes the wall of the fallopian tube to expand, which can cause the wall to rupture. Abnormal vaginal bleeding will occur at 7 to 8 weeks of pregnancy, and there may even be severe abdominal pain or shock due to massive intra-abdominal bleeding.

In the early stages of pregnancy, if ultrasound examination fails to find any signs of an embryo in the uterus, it is necessary to test the human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in the blood as soon as possible to diagnose the possibility of ectopic pregnancy and take appropriate measures in a timely manner.

(4) Hydatidiform mole

People at high risk: mothers under 20 years old or over 40 years old, food lacking carotene and animal fat, those with a history of miscarriage, history of hydatidiform mole, smokers, etc.

Cause: Hydatidiform mole is a benign chorionic disease with an incidence of about 1‰, and the incidence is higher in Asian countries. Because of the abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells of the placental villi, the terminal villi turn into blisters, which are connected in clusters and resembling grapes, hence the name "hydatidiform mole". In the early stages of pregnancy, there may be symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, severe morning sickness and even palpitations.

Treatment method: Usually the diagnosis can be made by ultrasound and blood test for chorionic gonadotropin. The treatment is to use endometrial vacuum aspiration to remove the hydatidiform mole, and then continue to track the chorionic gonadotropin index until it is normal for 3 consecutive weeks, and then track it again every month until it is normal for six consecutive months. If the chorionic gonadotropin index does not decrease ideally, chemotherapy should be considered. Strict contraception must be taken during the follow-up period, and pregnancy can only be planned two years after cure.

After reading this, pregnant women should have an understanding of the reasons for their bleeding. A warm reminder: once pregnant women experience bleeding, they must immediately go to a regular hospital for treatment and actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment. The chance of pregnancy is not easy. If you are not careful, not only will you lose a little life, but you will also lose the chance of pregnancy.