Introduction to invasive hydatidiform mole

There are endless posts about hydatidiform mole on major web pages. The explanation given on the Internet for invasive hydatidiform mole is: "The microvessels in the villous matrix disappear, resulting in accumulation of fluid in the villous matrix, forming bubbles of varying sizes, which are shaped like grapes, hence the name hydatidiform mole."

To be honest, after seeing this explanation, I still don’t quite understand it.

Invasive hydatidiform mole refers to the invasion of hydatidiform mole tissue into the myometrium or metastasis outside the uterus, which is a malignant trophoblastic tumor. Invasive hydatidiform mole all comes from benign hydatidiform mole, and most of them occur within six months after the hydatidiform mole is removed. Most invasive hydatidiform moles occur within 6 months after the evacuation of the hydatidiform mole. Patients may present with irregular vaginal bleeding and may also have extrauterine metastatic lesions. The villi of invasive hydatidiform mole can locally spread and invade the myometrium or blood vessels, and the blister-like tissue invades the deep myometrium, sometimes completely penetrates the uterine wall, and extends into the broad ligament or abdominal cavity. The treatment principle of invasive hydatidiform mole is chemotherapy as the main method and surgery as the auxiliary method. It can be used as a single drug or in combination with chemotherapy. The treatment principle of invasive hydatidiform mole is chemotherapy as the main method and surgery as the auxiliary method. It can be used as a single drug or in combination with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy needs to continue until symptoms and signs disappear, HCG is measured once a week, and if it is within the normal range for 3 consecutive times, 2-3 more courses of treatment are needed to consolidate. If the lesion is in the uterus and chemotherapy is ineffective, the uterus can be removed and a subradical hysterectomy and high ligation of the ovarian arteries and veins can be performed. Invasive hydatidiform mole should be followed up for at least 1 year and strict contraception should be adopted. It is best to use condoms. Intrauterine devices and oral contraceptives should not be used. After clinical recovery of invasive hydatidiform mole, it should be closely followed up for 1 year and it is considered cured only if there is no recurrence. If typical clinical manifestations or symptoms of metastatic lesions appear within six months after the removal of hydatidiform mole, the clinical diagnosis can be established in combination with auxiliary examinations.

Before I looked up relevant information, my own understanding of hydatidiform mole was: something like a grape, either a tumor or cancer. Of course, I don’t know whether these explanations are right or wrong. After consulting relevant information, I feel that my own understanding is not completely wrong, it just lacks theoretical norms.