Causes of miscarriage due to endometriosis

For women, the most troublesome disease is gynecological disease. Gynecological diseases will not only seriously affect women's physical health, but also bring certain pain to women. Endometriosis is a relatively serious gynecological disease. If it is not treated in time, it may lead to symptoms of infertility. Endometriosis miscarriage is also a common symptom. When such a problem occurs, we must confirm the cause so that we can treat it in time. Let's understand the causes of endometriosis miscarriage.

Causes of miscarriage due to endometriosis

Endometriosis is also one of the causes of miscarriage. The main feature of this disease is that normal endometrial tissue is implanted in other parts of the body and grows, develops and dissipates under the influence of sex hormones. Early asymptomatic endometriosis no longer affects conception, but as the disease progresses, the pregnancy situation also changes, from being able to conceive to having an increased miscarriage rate, and even eventually reaching infertility. There are several possible reasons for this:

(1) Immunological factors: The implantation or rejection of ectopic endometrial fragments is related to the body's immune function. When monkeys or humans suffer from ectopic disease, it has been shown that the cellular immune function is reduced. Atopic dermatitis is essentially an autoimmune disease. There is a certain connection between heterotopia and systemic immune phenomena. The risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with heterotopia is twice that of normal people, and the frequency of antinuclear antibodies or lupus anticoagulants is higher. It has been confirmed that endometrial antigens are mainly present in the cytoplasm of endometrial glandular epithelial cells, and anti-endometrial antibodies can be detected in the serum of patients with ectopic disease. These antibodies interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg, or affect its growth and development after implantation, leading to miscarriage. The local lesions in patients with endometriosis are mainly caused by periodic bleeding within the lesions. When the protein components in tissues and menstrual blood are phagocytosed and absorbed by macrophages, they become antigens, causing the host to produce antibodies, and the antigen-antibody reaction forms an autoimmune reaction. This change in immune function also interferes with the implantation of the fertilized egg and causes miscarriage, and even interferes with the normal transport of sperm and causes sperm infertility.

(2) Changes in ovarian function: It is certain that endometriosis affects ovarian function. This is mainly due to the extensive implantation of the endometrium, which causes the destruction of the ovarian parenchyma, ovarian adhesions to form scars and may have a pseudocapsule, leading to ovarian dysfunction and anovulation. The endometrium often coexists with luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (causing infertility), luteal insufficiency, and hyperprolactinemia, which can manifest as menstrual disorders, increased menstrual flow, anovulatory menstrual cycles, miscarriage, and infertility. The spontaneous abortion rate is high in women with endometriosis, and luteal insufficiency is an important cause. Luteal insufficiency refers to the inability of the corpus luteum to produce enough progesterone, with serum progesterone less than 32 nanomoles/liter, resulting in delayed endometrial development and inability to maintain normal secretory function and early pregnancy, often manifested as infertility and recurrent early miscarriage. The main symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are amenorrhea and galactorrhea, but those with high levels within the normal range may show luteal function defect. High levels of prolactin can directly inhibit the proliferation of granulosa cells and their ability to produce estrogen, inhibiting the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin and leading to infertility.

(3) Prostaglandin factors: The concentration of prostaglandins in the ectopic endometrial lesions and peritoneal fluid of endometriosis is increased. This may be due to the increased synthesis of prostaglandins in the ectopic endometrium and their slow decomposition and excretion, resulting in local accumulation. Prostaglandins are involved in the regulation of follicle development, ovarian hormone secretion, ovulation induction and corpus luteum dissolution, and affect the normal contraction and peristalsis of the uterus and fallopian tubes. Under normal circumstances, prostaglandins are produced in the reproductive organs and transported through local blood vessels to the nearby ovaries to produce their effects. Before the ovarian corpus luteum degenerates, prostaglandins increase, dissolving the corpus luteum and regulating its life process. After a few days, progesterone in the blood also decreases significantly. Therefore, the large amount of prostaglandins produced by the ectopic endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis is closely related to early corpus luteum atrophy, corpus luteum insufficiency, and the resulting infertility and increased miscarriage rate.

The above is an introduction to the causes of miscarriage due to endometriosis. It is very difficult to get pregnant with endometriosis. If you get pregnant during this period, you must pay great attention to it and go to the hospital for prenatal examination in time to avoid such a tragedy as miscarriage. Miscarriage can cause great harm to women's bodies, so we must pay attention to it.