Treatment of anemia during pregnancy

When it comes to anemia during pregnancy, everyone knows that it is a condition in which expectant mothers suffer from anemia, which is a common disease during pregnancy. Expectant mothers are very nervous about anemia during pregnancy. After all, everyone knows that being sick during pregnancy means you may have to take medicine, and medicine can have an impact on the fetus, which is something that must not happen. However, compared with treatment, anemia during pregnancy itself has an impact on the fetus, so timely treatment is required. The following is an introduction to the treatment of anemia during pregnancy.

The need for folic acid increases during pregnancy. The minimum daily dietary folic acid requirement for normal pregnancy is 500-600 μg to meet the needs of the fetus and maintain normal folic acid storage in the mother. Twin pregnancies require even greater amounts of folic acid. Women with megaloblastic anemia often suffer from severe nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite during pregnancy, and therefore consume even less folic acid. When pregnant women have gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic atrophic gastritis, partial or subtotal gastrectomy, etc., the secretion of intrinsic factor by gastric mucosal parietal cells is reduced, leading to vitamin B12 absorption disorder and aggravating folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Causes

The disease is mainly caused by malnutrition and folic acid deficiency, and a very small part is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are both important coenzymes in the synthesis of DNA. Folic acid itself is inactive, and it is tetrahydrofolate that acts as a coenzyme. Tetrahydrofolate is produced from dihydrofolate by the action of folate reductase. It is very unstable and easily oxidized. Therefore, this disease may occur in any situation that blocks the production of tetrahydrofolate and causes folic acid metabolism disorders. When it is deficient, DNA synthesis is impaired and various tissues throughout the body may be affected, but the hematopoietic tissue is most seriously affected, causing erythrocyte proliferation and maturation disorders and the appearance of morphologically and functionally abnormal megaloblasts in the bone marrow. These abnormal megaloblasts have a shorter lifespan than normal and are often destroyed prematurely, which is also a factor in causing anemia.

treat

1. Strengthen nutritional guidance during pregnancy, change bad eating habits, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, melons, beans, meat, animal liver and kidneys and other foods.

2. In the second half of pregnancy, give 5 mg of folic acid orally daily, or 10-30 mg of folic acid intramuscularly once a day until the symptoms disappear and anemia is corrected. If the treatment effect is not significant, you should check for iron deficiency and give iron supplements at the same time.

3. Vitamin B12 100 μg intramuscular injection, once a day for 2 weeks. Later change to twice a week until hemoglobin returns to normal. For patients with neurological symptoms, taking folic acid alone may aggravate the symptoms and should be used with caution.

4. When hemoglobin is <60g/L, small amounts of fresh blood or concentrated red blood cells can be transfused intermittently.

5. Avoid prolonged labor, prevent postpartum hemorrhage, and prevent infection during delivery.

It should be noted here that anemia during pregnancy is a common pregnancy disease, mainly because expectant mothers do not take good precautions against anemia during pregnancy. If you take good care of your health when preparing for pregnancy, exercise actively after pregnancy, and pay attention to a reasonable diet to ensure the effects of your diet, you can generally avoid the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy.