Disease Encyclopedia | What to do with functional uterine bleeding

Excessive menstrual flow, frequent menstruation, and irregular menstrual cycles are all symptoms of functional uterine bleeding. So, what exactly is functional uterine bleeding? What should you do if you have functional uterine bleeding? Take a look at the introduction in the article below.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Functional uterine bleeding, abbreviated as DUB, is a common gynecological disease. It refers to abnormal uterine bleeding. After examination, no organic lesions of the whole body and reproductive organs were found. Instead, it is caused by dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system. Symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, heavy menstrual flow, prolonged menstruation or irregular bleeding. Depending on whether ovulation occurs or not, functional uterine bleeding is usually divided into two categories: anovulatory and ovulatory. The former is the most common, accounting for about 80-90%, mainly occurring during puberty and menopause, while the latter is more common in women of childbearing age.

1. Causes of functional uterine bleeding

1. Systemic factors include adverse mental trauma, stress, malnutrition, endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as iron deficiency, anemia, aplastic anemia, blood diseases and bleeding diseases, diabetes, thyroid and adrenal diseases.

2. HPO axis dysfunction includes disturbances in the rhythm of reproductive hormone release, feedback dysfunction, ovulation and corpus luteum dysfunction.

3. Uterine and endometrial factors

These include abnormalities in the structure and function of spiral arterioles and microcirculatory vascular beds, dysfunction of endometrial steroid receptors and lysosomes, abnormal local coagulation mechanisms, and dysregulated secretion of prostaglandins TXA2 and PGI2.

4. Iatrogenic factors include steroid contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices that interfere with the normal function of the HPOU axis. Certain drugs for systemic diseases (especially psychiatric and nervous systems) can affect normal menstrual function through neuroendocrine mechanisms.

2. Common symptoms of functional uterine bleeding

1. Irregular uterine bleeding. Menstruation is early or late, with no regularity at all.

2. Frequent menstruation. The menstrual cycle is shortened, generally less than 21 days, and the amount of bleeding and number of bleeding days are normal.

3. Excessive menstrual flow. The menstrual cycle is normal, but the amount of bleeding each time is excessive, reaching hundreds of milliliters.

4. The menstrual period is continuous. Some women have normal menstrual cycles, but they may have a small amount of bleeding for several days before their period, and the bleeding is often dark in color. The bleeding continues for several days after their period, and may continue for more than ten days before and after their period.

5. Bleeding during ovulation. About 10 days after the menstruation ends, a small amount of bleeding begins to flow out of the vagina, sometimes stopping in a day or two. This is called ovulation bleeding.

3. Prevention and health care of functional uterine bleeding

1. Diet. Strengthen dietary regulation and increase the intake of foods rich in protein, iron and vitamins, such as meat, eggs, milk, fresh vegetables and fruits. A reasonable diet is beneficial to improving the body's metabolism and strengthening the physical fitness; it is also beneficial to increasing the hemoglobin content and reducing the degree of anemia.

2. Life. Maintain a regular rhythm of life, balance work and relaxation, and avoid overwork.

3. Weather. Pay attention to adding or removing clothes and bedding as the weather changes, and avoid excessive cold or heat which may cause endocrine disorders and lead to prolonged menstruation and increased bleeding.

4. Hygiene. In addition to preventing the occurrence of systemic diseases, attention must also be paid to menstrual hygiene to prevent functional uterine bleeding. Clean the perineum 1-2 times a day and change menstrual pads and underwear frequently;

5. Psychological aspects. Pay attention to emotional regulation and avoid excessive tension and mental stimulation. Especially for adolescent girls, parents should not only pay attention to the girls' learning and dietary conditions, but also pay attention to the girls' emotional changes, communicate with them more, understand the changes in their inner world, and help them release negative emotions so that they can maintain a relatively stable mental and psychological state and avoid emotional ups and downs.