Why does bleeding occur during early pregnancy?

A woman's body will undergo a series of changes after she becomes pregnant. During this period, some women will experience discomfort, which are caused by early pregnancy symptoms. After a woman has adapted to the early symptoms of pregnancy, her body will gradually get better. So, what are the symptoms of early pregnancy? Why does bleeding occur in early pregnancy?

Why does bleeding occur in early pregnancy?

1. Miscarriage

Groups prone to early pregnancy bleeding: fetal chromosomal abnormalities, maternal hormone imbalance, congenital or acquired uterine development abnormalities, immune system problems, viral infections, pregnant women with chronic diseases (such as heart disease, chronic kidney disease and blood disorders), overwork, excessive work pressure, too intense sexual life, external force collision, air pollution, improper medication, smoking, drinking, excessive caffeine intake or other foods that promote uterine contractions, etc.

Before the embryo is fully formed, the implantation of the fertilized egg is not stable, so many factors can lead to miscarriage. When miscarriage occurs, the embryo and the endometrium will separate to varying degrees. Once the blood vessels on the separation surface rupture, vaginal bleeding will occur. According to a medical clinical research statistical analysis, more than 50% of pregnant women can successfully get through the early pregnancy bleeding[1] and become pregnant again; about 30% of pregnant women may have miscarriage; and nearly 10% of pregnant women may have ectopic pregnancy or other problems. Some pregnant women worry that if they have abnormal vaginal bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy, the baby will be unhealthy after successful fetal preservation. Many studies have shown that more than half of miscarriages are caused by abnormalities in the test tube embryos themselves. This is a natural replacement. If you can get pregnant again, the fetus is generally normal.

2. Cervical disease

The resulting group: couples with complicated lives, bad living habits, abnormal life schedules, weak body resistance, etc.

When it comes to early pregnancy bleeding, many people often ignore problems with the cervix. Severe inflammation of the cervix causing erosion, or existing cervical polyps, can easily cause surface capillaries to rupture and bleed due to changes in hormones during pregnancy. In recent years, the age group in which cervical cancer most commonly occurs has quietly dropped to 30-40 years old. Being pregnant does not mean that there is definitely no problem with the cervix. Cervical smear tests should be done regularly before and after pregnancy. If there is vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, the cervix should also be checked for problems.

3. Ectopic pregnancy

The affected groups: those who have experienced pelvic inflammation, pelvic adhesions, or have undergone fallopian tube surgery, or had an ectopic pregnancy in the last pregnancy, etc.

When the embryo implants outside the uterus, it is called ectopic pregnancy, the incidence rate is about 1%, and 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the bilateral fallopian tubes. Because the walls of the fallopian tubes are very thin, they cannot supply enough nutrients to the embryos. In addition, the slowly growing sperm and egg combine to cause the walls of the fallopian tubes to swell, which can cause wall ruptures. At 7-8 weeks of pregnancy, this can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, and even severe abdominal pain or shock due to excessive bleeding in the abdominal cavity.

In the early stages of pregnancy, if ultrasound examination cannot detect any signs of an intrauterine embryo, it is necessary to test the human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in the blood as soon as possible to diagnose the possibility of ectopic pregnancy and take appropriate measures.