Cervical mucopurulent discharge

The presence of purulent secretions in cervical mucus may be due to gynecological diseases, so everyone needs to do relevant examinations. The appearance of cervical mucus and purulent secretions may be related to diseases such as acute cervicitis, cervical injury, vaginal foreign body infection, etc. If you are unable to rule out the cause by yourself, you need to seek medical examination and diagnosis and treatment in time.

pathology

The cervix is ​​visibly red and swollen, the cervical mucosa is congested and edematous, and purulent secretions may flow out through the external cervical opening. Microscopically, vascular congestion, massive neutrophil infiltration in the cervical mucosa, submucosal tissue, and around the glands were observed, and purulent secretions were seen in the glandular cavity.

Causes

Acute cervicitis was rare in the past and was mainly seen in infectious abortion, puerperal infection, cervical injury and vaginal foreign body infection. The pathogens were general purulent bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus. With the increase of sexual diseases in recent years, acute cervicitis has become a common disease. Currently, the most common acute cervicitis in clinical practice is mucopurulent cervicitis.

The characteristic of mucopurulent cervicitis is that purulent or mucopurulent secretions can be seen with the naked eye on the cervical canal or cervical canal cotton swab specimens. When the cervical canal is wiped with a cotton swab, it is easy to induce intracervical bleeding. The pathogens of mucopurulent cervicitis are mainly Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.

The pathogen of some mucopurulent cervicitis is unclear. Both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infect the columnar epithelium of the endocervical canal, spreading along the mucosal surface to cause superficial infection, with lesions being most obvious in the endocervical canal. In addition to the columnar epithelium of the endocervical canal, Neisseria gonorrhoeae often invades the transitional epithelium of the urethra, paraurethral glands and Bartholin's glands. Staphylococci and Streptococci are more likely to affect the cervical lymphatic vessels and invade the deep cervical stroma.

How to prevent cervical mucus and purulent discharge

1. Pay attention to the hygiene of menstruation and sexual life: Usually, you should have sexual life in moderation and not too frequently. Twice a week is appropriate for young women. Sexual intercourse is prohibited during menstruation. It is not advisable to have sexual intercourse too early after abortion or postpartum uterine surgery. Generally, sexual intercourse is allowed one month after uterine surgery. It takes 3 months after delivery for both men and women to develop the habit of cleaning their external genitalia before and after each sexual intercourse, and to avoid rough sexual intercourse.

Actively prevent and treat various infections that may cause cervicitis. For those who have various bacterial, viral, trichomonal, fungal and sexually transmitted infections, anti-trichomoniasis, antifungal and antiviral drugs should be given in a targeted manner to prevent the development of cervical precancerous lesions.

2. Avoid chaotic sexual life: Many countries have reported that early sexual age and disordered sexual life are direct high-risk factors for cervical cancer. Early sexual age refers to having sexual activity before the age of 18, and the prevalence rate is 13.3 times higher than that of those who have sexual activity over the age of 25. Sexual disorder refers to having multiple sexual partners. According to surveys, women who have been married more than twice or have had sexual relations with multiple men are more likely to develop cervical cancer. A large number of studies have shown that sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are closely related to cervicitis, especially cervical cancer, and that multiple sexual partners are significantly associated with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Human papilloma is a major risk factor for cervical cancer in spring.

3. Late marriage and late childbearing: Cervicitis and cervical cancer mostly occur in married women, while those occurring in unmarried women rarely indicate that they are closely related to sexual life. According to census data, the marriage rate for those who are 26 years old is 22.45/100,000, which is 7 times the difference. The age of first sexual life is more important than the age of first marriage. The incidence of cervical cancer in those who have their first sexual intercourse under the age of 18 is 4 times higher than that in those over the age of 18. Delaying the age of sexual activity can reduce the relative risk.

4. Family planning: The incidence of cervical cancer in multiparous women is higher than that in women who have had multiple abortions or pregnancy deliveries. Stimulation or damage to the cervix causes abnormal proliferation of the cervical epithelium, which can then develop into cancer. Unmarried women who do not pay attention to contraception after marriage and have multiple abortions still increase the chance of cervicitis, so they need to take contraceptive measures seriously to avoid damage to the cervix from multiple births or abortions.

5. Gynecological examination:

Cancer screening is recognized as the main measure to prevent cervical cancer. Through the survey, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can be achieved, thereby reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer.