What are the symptoms of spontaneous abortion during pregnancy?

The causes of spontaneous abortion include embryo. If a woman wants to keep the child during her first pregnancy, she must be careful, because the first pregnancy is crucial for women. If this pregnancy leads to miscarriage due to carelessness, the probability of miscarriage in the future will become particularly frequent. Moreover, after habitual miscarriage, it will not only cause damage to the woman's uterus, but also affect the relationship between husband and wife. So what are the symptoms of spontaneous miscarriage during pregnancy?

Women must be especially careful after they become pregnant, otherwise they may suffer from miscarriage. Spontaneous miscarriage is the most common type of miscarriage. If you are a pregnant woman, you'd better carefully refer to the contents of this article to find out what miscarriage is and what the causes of miscarriage are.

1. What is spontaneous abortion?

Termination of pregnancy before 28 weeks of gestation and when the fetal weight is less than 1000g is called abortion. Among them, spontaneous abortion refers to abortion caused by non-human purposes. It is a miscarriage caused by natural factors. 31% of spontaneous abortions occur after embryo implantation, of which more than 80% are early abortions.

According to the different stages of miscarriage development, it can be divided into threatened abortion, inevitable abortion, incomplete abortion and complete abortion. There are also three special situations: missed abortion, habitual abortion, and abortion complicated by infection. Termination before 12 weeks of pregnancy is called early abortion, and termination between 12 weeks and less than 28 weeks of pregnancy is called late abortion. Abortion can be divided into spontaneous abortion and induced abortion, among which spontaneous abortion is mostly early abortion.

2. Causes of Spontaneous Abortion

factors, maternal factors, paternal factors and environmental factors.

1. Embryonic factors : Embryonic chromosomal abnormalities are the main cause of miscarriage. Examination of offspring from early abortions found that 50%-60% had chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities in either spouse can be passed on to offspring and lead to miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities include numerical abnormalities and structural abnormalities. In addition to genetic factors, infections, drugs and other adverse effects can also cause chromosomal abnormalities in offspring, often resulting in miscarriage before 12 weeks of pregnancy.

2. Maternal factors:

(1) Systemic diseases: High fever in systemic infections can promote uterine contraction and cause miscarriage. Infections with Treponema pallidum, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, toxoplasma, herpes simplex virus, etc. can cause fetal chromosomal abnormalities and lead to miscarriage. Ischemic and hypoxic diseases such as heart failure, severe anemia, hypertension, chronic nephritis and severe malnutrition can also lead to miscarriage in expectant mothers.

(2) Endocrine abnormalities: Luteal insufficiency can lead to early miscarriage. Hypothyroidism and severe diabetes with uncontrolled blood sugar can also lead to miscarriage.

(3) Immune dysfunction: Immune factors associated with miscarriage include the spouse's tissue compatibility antigens (HLA), fetal antigens, blood type antigens (ABO and Rh), and the mother's autoimmune status. The high frequency of the same HLA loci in the parents can lead to insufficient maternal blocking antibodies and can also cause recurrent miscarriage. Incompatibility of blood types between mother and child, excessive production of antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women, and the presence of antisperm antibodies in couples can all cause the embryo or fetus to be rejected and result in miscarriage.