Causes of thick endometrium

The uterine wall has a period of proliferation every month: it starts around the 5th day of the menstrual cycle and lasts for 7-10 days. At this time, the estrogen level in the blood gradually rises, the dermis of the uterine wall begins to repair, the uterine wall gradually thickens, and the blood vessels and uterine gland ducts also grow and develop, but the uterine wall is still too thin at this time; it starts around the 15th day after menstruation, and the estrogen secreted by the uterus after ovulation causes the already thickened uterine wall to thicken again, the gland ducts further expand and bend, and secrete mucus. At this time, the endometrium becomes increasingly thicker and softer, storing the necessary secretions, ready to implant the embryo formed by the combination of sperm and egg at any time.

This is the physiological thickening of the uterine wall under normal circumstances. However, if the metabolism of growth hormone in the uterus and ovaries is disordered, it can easily cause abnormal thickening of the endometrium, which is called uterine wall hyperplasia.

If a woman's hypothalamus-pituitary-uterine-ovarian axis is unbalanced at a certain stage, or if she suffers from diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, the uterine wall may be continuously affected by estrogen for a long time, resulting in anovulation. In that case, the uterine wall is continuously affected by estrogen for a long time, without estrogen resistance and lack of regular metabolic changes, and will be in a state of hyperplasia for a long time, leading to abnormal endometrial hyperplasia.

The vast majority of patients with endometrial hyperplasia are in menopause or puberty, and obese women are also more likely to have endometrial thickening. The clinical symptoms are irregular and excessive abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients may experience continuous bleeding after long-term amenorrhea. Clinically, it may be suspected of miscarriage. It may also be manifested as a shortened cycle time, prolonged menstruation, and bleeding time of up to 1 month.