Biopsy of chronic cervicitis with squamous cell carcinoma

Chronic cervicitis is a gynecological disease that troubles many female friends. It is particularly common among women of childbearing age. There are many specific reasons that induce this symptom. Different methods are needed to treat cervicitis with different causes and symptoms. Before treatment, it is necessary to choose biopsy and other examination methods according to the specific situation. Below, we will introduce the relevant knowledge about cervicitis in detail.

1. Overview of cervicitis

Cervicitis is one of the common gynecological diseases, which is more common in women of childbearing age. It is caused by damage to the cervix and invasion of pathogens, including inflammation of the cervicovaginal part and inflammation of the cervical canal mucosa. The cervix is ​​an important line of defense to prevent pathogens from the lower reproductive tract from entering the upper reproductive tract, but the single-layer columnar epithelium of the cervical canal itself has poor resistance to infection. If it is damaged by mechanical stimulation such as sexual intercourse, childbirth, abortion, and surgery, it is more susceptible to infection.

Clinically, cervicitis is divided into acute and chronic types, with chronic inflammation being the most common. The main symptoms of acute cervicitis are redness and swelling of the cervix and edema of the cervical mucosa, often accompanied by acute vaginitis or acute endometritis. Chronic cervicitis has many manifestations such as cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical glandular cysts and cervical eversion. Chronic cervicitis has a certain relationship with cervical cancer, so it should be actively prevented and treated. Women over 30 with cervicitis should have regular cervical smears to check for cancer cells.

2. Treatment of acute cervicitis

The main treatment is antibiotics, with systemic treatment as the main focus, and strive to be thorough to avoid it turning into chronic cervicitis.

(1) Empirical antibiotic treatment For patients with the following high-risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (such as age under 25 years, multiple or new sexual partners, and unprotected sexual intercourse), empirical antibiotic treatment against Chlamydia is used before the results of pathogen testing are obtained.

(2) Antibiotic treatment targeting pathogens For those who have acquired pathogens, choose antibiotics targeting the pathogens. Since Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is often accompanied by chlamydial infection, if it is gonococcal cervicitis, in addition to using anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae drugs, anti-chlamydial infection drugs should also be used during treatment.

(3) Treatment of sexual partners If the pathogens of cervicitis patients are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, their sexual partners should be examined and treated accordingly.

2. Treatment of chronic cervicitis

Local treatment is the main method, and different treatment methods are used for different lesions.

(1) Chronic endocervical mucositis For persistent endocervical mucosal inflammation, it is necessary to understand whether there is reinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, whether the sexual partner has been treated, and whether vaginal microbiome imbalance persists. Treatment is directed at the cause. For those whose pathogens are unclear and there is no effective treatment, physical therapy can be tried. These include electric ironing, laser, freezing, microwave infrared and other methods. Chinese medicine can also be used as an auxiliary treatment before or after physical therapy. However, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer must be excluded by screening before treatment. For patients with severe erosion or those who fail to recover after long-term treatment, cervical conization may be considered.

(2) Cervical polyps: Polypectomy is performed and the removed polyps are sent for pathological histological examination.

(3) Cervical hypertrophy generally does not require treatment.