Mild cervical fluid-based cell inflammation

Female friends should be very worried that they will suffer from some gynecological diseases. Most gynecological diseases have a great impact on women's bodies. The most serious gynecological disease is cervical cancer. Because severe cervical cancer will require a woman's uterus to be removed to prevent the spread of cancer cells, which will make the woman infertile. However, some women find that they only have mild inflammation of cervical fluid-based cells during cervical cancer screening. What does this situation mean?

The results of the cervical cancer screening TCT test show that you only have cervical inflammation and there is no tendency for cancer to develop.

TCT cervical cancer screening refers to collecting exfoliated cells from the cervical os using a liquid-based thin-layer cell kit, using a fully automatic thin-layer cell slide making machine to slice, and performing cytological classification based on cell nuclear morphology to diagnose whether there are symptoms of cancer.

Development History

Papanicolaou, known as the "father of modern cytology", published a famous paper in 1943 on the diagnosis of cervical cancer using vaginal cell smears and established the Pap grading method, which has been used for more than 60 years. Although this method has many problems, such as limitations in sampling and blurred background that makes observation difficult, Papanicolaou's contribution is enormous. Pap smear has become synonymous with cervical cytology and is still used in most small and medium-sized hospitals in my country. At the end of the last century, two American companies developed automatic devices for liquid-based thin layer cell preparation technology, which were put into production in 1997 and 1998 respectively.

In recent years, this method has been further improved at home and abroad to make it simpler. Liquid-based cells are widely available, cell smears are evenly distributed, the background is clear, the staining layers are distinct, and they are easy to observe under a microscope. They significantly increase the detection rate of positive cells and may completely replace Pap smears if the price is right. This method can be used to observe epithelial cells, such as cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma. In addition to observing epithelial cells, this method can also detect Trichomonas, Candida, Actinomycetes, Herpes simplex virus, Chlamydia, etc.

Procedure

1. Use TCT's special sampler to collect cervical cell samples.

2. Unlike conventional cell smears, TCT involves placing the collector into a vial containing cell preservation fluid for rinsing.

3. Use an automatic cell detector to disperse and filter the sample to reduce the remnants of blood, mucus and inflammatory tissue.

4. Microscopic detection and diagnosis.

In the TCT test, clinicians collect cervical cell samples using a TCT-specific sampler in the usual way. Then, instead of applying the sample directly to a microscope slide, the sampler is placed in a vial containing cell preservation fluid for rinsing, thereby obtaining almost all the cell samples. The patient's cell sample bottle is then sent to the laboratory, where the sample is dispersed and filtered using an automatic cell detector to reduce the remnants of blood, mucus and inflammatory tissue, thus obtaining a thin, well-preserved cell layer for further microscopic examination and diagnosis. The difference in operating procedures determines the improvement of the positive detection rate of TCT tests and the reduction of the number of unsatisfactory samples.

Significance

The development of cervical cancer is a long process. If screening can be carried out in the early stages of the disease, the occurrence and development of cancer can be prevented. The focus of cervical cancer screening is to detect precancerous lesions during the period when there are no subjective symptoms, and to conduct clinical diagnosis and treatment as early as possible during the non-cancerous period, so as to prevent and stop the occurrence of cancer. In one sentence, "The significance of cervical cancer screening lies in prevention, early detection and early treatment." Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its incidence rate ranks second only to breast cancer. In recent years, the incidence rate of cervical cancer has increased and tends to be younger. Every year, 200,000 women die from cervical cancer worldwide, and China accounts for about 10%. Studies have shown that cervical cancer is closely related to HPV infection, and HPV is the only carcinogenic virus that can be fully confirmed in the onset of human tumors. Current research can even confirm that preventing HPV infection can prevent cervical cancer, and without HPV infection, you will not get cervical cancer. The virus is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, and the lifetime cumulative probability of married women being infected with HPV is about 40%. After HPV infection, the body fails to clear the virus itself, resulting in persistent HPV infection that can develop into cervical cancer. HPV integrates, replicates and proliferates in cervical epithelial cells, first causing precancerous lesions - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and finally developing into invasive cervical cancer. It takes 8 to 10 years from HPV infection to cervical cancer. During this period, if HPV infection can be detected early, diagnosed and treated correctly, the development of lesions into cancer can be controlled. At the same time, the treatment effect of early cervical lesions is much better than that of cervical cancer. The previous view was that cervical cancer develops from cervical erosion, and if there was no cervical erosion, cervical cancer was not considered. In fact, it is not the case. What everyone thinks as erosion is actually just a normal physiological state. It is the result of the outward migration of the columnar epithelium in the cervical canal under the influence of estrogen. Cervical cancer can occur not only in a cervix with erosion, but also in a seemingly normal cervix. Because the pathological types of cervical cancer are divided into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinoma in the early stage is limited to growth in the cervical canal, the appearance is mostly normal, and there is almost no physical discomfort in the early stage of cervical cancer. However, when irregular bleeding occurs, it is often the second stage of cervical cancer, and the risk increases a lot. According to research, the cure rate for cervical cancer in the initial stage is 80% to 90%, 60% to 70% in the second stage, and 40% to 50% in the third stage, but it is only 10% when it develops to the fourth stage. Therefore, regular check-ups and timely treatment are very important. It is recommended that female friends over 30 years old have a gynecological examination every year to detect cancer as early as possible and buy time for treatment.

Precancerous symptoms

1. Bleeding after sexual intercourse: 70%~80% of cervical cancer patients have this symptom;

2. Cervical erosion: Young women with cervical erosion that has not been treated for a long time, or who still have cervical erosion after menopause, should be taken seriously;

3. Contact bleeding: Bleeding after sexual intercourse or uterine bleeding after gynecological examination are signs of cervical precancerous lesions;

4. Mixed blood in leucorrhea: In addition to uterine bleeding caused by IUD insertion, women with mixed blood in leucorrhea for a long time should be checked in time.

Symptoms of cervical cancer

Vaginal bleeding: Young patients often experience contact bleeding, which occurs during sexual intercourse, gynecological examinations, and after defecation. The amount of bleeding may be more or less, generally depending on the size of the lesion and the extent of invasion of the interstitial blood vessels. The amount of bleeding is small in the early stage, but in the late stage, the lesions are larger and manifest as massive bleeding. Once larger blood vessels are eroded, fatal massive bleeding may occur. Young patients may also experience prolonged menstruation, shortened cycle, increased menstrual flow, etc. Elderly patients often complain of irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause.

Vaginal discharge: Patients often complain of increased vaginal discharge, which is white or bloody, thin like water or rice soup, and has a fishy odor. In the late stage, due to the rupture of cancerous tissue, tissue necrosis, secondary infection, etc., a large amount of purulent or rice-soup-like foul-smelling leucorrhea is discharged.

Precautions

1. Avoid sexual intercourse 24 hours before TCT examination

2. Do not flush the vagina or use vaginal suppositories or perform vaginal examinations within 24-48 hours before the TCT examination.

3. If there is inflammation, treat it first and then do TCT examination to avoid affecting the diagnosis results;

4. TCT examination is best performed during the non-menstrual period.

Infected population

1. People who have unclean sex life and have been infected with sexually transmitted diseases

2. People who have sexual life at a young age

3. Premature childbirth or multiple childbirths

4. Patients with cervical lesions or other gynecological diseases

(1) Avoid menstruation as much as possible and do not take any medication 24 hours before sampling.

(2) If there is a lot of secretion or blood, wipe it off gently with a cotton swab before taking the sample. Do not rub it hard.

(3) Sampling should be performed under direct observation to ensure that the cervical brush exerts a certain amount of pressure on the area being sampled. The tip of the cervical brush should be placed in the cervical canal with both sides close to the outer opening of the cervical canal to obtain sufficient cellular components.

(4) If cervical bleeding is obvious during the sampling process, the procedure should be stopped immediately.

(5) In general, try to avoid repeated sampling within a short period of time (less than three months) to avoid false negative results.

Specific steps for cervical cancer screening

1. Use TCT's special cervical brush to collect samples of cervical exfoliated cells.

2. Unlike conventional cell smears, the TCT examination involves placing the collection brush into a vial containing cell preservation fluid for rinsing.

3. When performing TCT examination, use a fully automatic cell detector to disperse and filter the sample to reduce the remnants of blood, mucus and inflammatory tissue.

4. Perform TCT examination for microscopic detection and diagnosis