Anti-endometrial antibodies negative?

Generally, women need to do a lot of tests when preparing for pregnancy. These tests can not only reflect the health of the body, but also ensure good birth and upbringing. Some women find that one of their tests is negative for anti-endometrial antibodies after the test. In fact, there is no need to worry. This is generally normal. Generally, a positive result will affect fertility. If it is negative, if you want a baby, you can prepare for pregnancy with confidence.

Immune infertility refers to the fact that certain factors stimulate the human immune system, resulting in an immune response that kills sperm or inhibits sperm motility. Immune infertility often has no obvious symptoms.

Immune infertility is one of the main factors of female infertility, accounting for about 15%-20% of female infertility. When the female reproductive tract is infected or damaged, sperm as allogeneic proteins can enter the female body and activate the female's own immune system, thereby producing anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb). Under this sensitized condition, the survival rate, vitality and ability of sperm to conceive are directly affected when they enter the female body again, leading to infertility.

There are many causes of immune infertility. For example, male sperm and seminal plasma, female eggs and fertilized eggs all have certain antigenicity and cause immune responses, leading to infertility.

1. Sperm immunity: Sperm has a large number of specifically expressed sperm antigens, which can cause autoimmune reactions in men and alloimmune reactions in women.

① Autoimmunity: Due to the existence of the local blood-testis barrier in the testis, the testis is one of the immune-exempt organs of the human body. Therefore, any destruction of the blood-testicular barrier, such as vas deferens damage, testicular-epididymal inflammation, etc., will cause the sperm-specific antigens to contact the immune cells of the circulatory system to produce anti-sperm antibodies. The anti-sperm antibodies bound to the surface of the sperm membrane can cause sperm agglutination and affect sperm motility and fertilization function.

② Alloimmunity: Cervical epithelial cells can produce secretory IgA, IgG and a very small amount of IgM. When the female reproductive tract mucosa is inflamed and damaged or the immunosuppressants in the seminal plasma are destroyed, the antigenic substances in the sperm and seminal plasma will cause the female's alloimmune reaction. The cervical epithelial cells produce sensitized secretory IgA and IgC, which combine with the sperm and cover the surface of the sperm, braking the sperm and making it difficult to enter the uterine cavity; IgG can play a role in complement fixation and exert a direct cytotoxic effect, causing the sperm to agglutinate.

2. Abnormal female humoral immunity: Anti-zona pellucida antibodies may be produced in the female body, which may change the properties of the zona pellucida or the tissue fertilization and even implantation process, thus leading to infertility. Antiphospholipid antibodies can cause thrombosis in small blood vessels at the implantation site, leading to embryo implantation failure.

3. Abnormal local cellular immunity in the endometrium: There are a large number of immune cells in the local endometrium. They help the villi to achieve immune escape and play a cytolytic role in the tissue around the villi during embryo implantation, which is beneficial to embryo implantation. Therefore, any dysfunction of local immune cells in the endometrium may lead to implantation failure and infertility.

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