What causes pelvic cysts?

Pelvic inflammatory disease is generally caused by a variety of reasons such as contraceptive rings, salpingography, and lack of attention to private hygiene. If pelvic inflammatory disease is not treated in time or is not completely cured, it will stimulate the pelvic organs for a long time. Over time, it will cause the related tissues around the organs to thicken and stick together, and then gradually fail to heal and form a pelvic cyst.

What are the causes of pelvic abscess?

1. Causes of disease

The pathogens of pelvic abscess are mostly aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, gonococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc., with anaerobic bacteria being the main ones. The most commonly found in pus culture are Bacteroides fragilis of the genus Bacteroides and Escherichia coli. In recent years, it has been found that Actinomycetes (especially Actinomyces idaeus) are common pathogens that cause pelvic abscess, and are related to the placement of intrauterine contraceptive devices. This pathogen is not easy to culture, so the failure to culture the pathogen by general methods does not mean that the pathogen does not exist. Pelvic abscess often occurs after delayed or repeated treatment of acute salpingitis and after the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

2. Pathogenesis

Pyroses in the tubal cavity develops from acute salpingitis. When the fimbria and isthmus of the fallopian tube are blocked due to inflammation and adhesion, the pus in the tubal cavity accumulates more and more, and a large sausage-shaped mass can be formed. If the fallopian tube is acutely inflamed during ovulation and there is secretion, it can enter the ovary through the ovulation fissure of the ovary and gradually form an abscess. If the fimbria is not closed during fallopian tube inflammation, the inflammatory and purulent secretions in the tubal cavity can flow into the pelvic cavity and around its organs and accumulate therein. If the pus sinks in the rectouterine pouch, or a large amount of pus exuded from the severe pelvic peritoneum flows into the pelvic floor, a pelvic floor abscess can be formed, which can be covered by the fallopian tube, ovary, and intestinal curve. Acute pelvic connective tissue inflammation can also fester and form an abscess if not treated in time, and the pus can flow into the vaginal rectal septum to form a mass.

Causes of pelvic abscess:

1) Transmission through blood: In most pelvic tuberculosis infections, the tuberculosis bacteria are transmitted through the blood from tuberculosis lesions in the lungs or other organs. The rarer mumps virus-induced oophoritis is also transmitted through the blood. The deposition of schistosome eggs in the fallopian tubes is also the result of blood-borne infection, and systemic bacteremia can also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

2) Transmission through lymphatic vessels: Pelvic connective tissue inflammation, including parametritis, is often related to cervical inflammation. Severe cervicitis, such as inflammation caused by cervical cancer, often infects the pelvic connective tissue through the lymph. Inflammation caused by damage to the cervix and vagina often leads to infection of the pelvic connective tissue. Filariasis can also cause acute pelvic lymphangitis or even pelvic organ inflammation through the lymphatic vessels, but this situation is rare.

3) Direct spread: Diffuse peritonitis, appendicitis, and acute intestinal diverticulitis can directly affect the pelvic reproductive organs. Gynecologic surgery performed transabdominally, especially when associated with colon injury, can cause serious pelvic infection. In severe rectal infections, bacteria can occasionally pass through the intestinal wall and directly infect the pelvic organs. Even a simpler total abdominal hysterectomy can lead to pelvic connective tissue inflammation in the upper part of the vaginal stump. This is more likely if the hysterectomy is done vaginally.

4) Ascending infection: The vast majority of pelvic inflammatory diseases are caused by pathogens in the vagina ascending along the mucosa to infect the pelvic organs. Not only do gonococci ascend along the mucosa to the fallopian tubes, but so do other pathogens. Animal experiments have confirmed that tubal ligation will prevent fallopian tube inflammation.