What are the items usually included in the ovarian examination?

Women's ovaries can effectively promote the health of their reproductive organs and body. Although the quality of ovarian maintenance can be directly reflected in the facial skin, it is impossible to understand the specific condition of the ovaries at a deeper level. So how do you fully understand your ovaries? It is recommended that female friends go to the hospital for a systematic ovarian examination.

1. Ovarian function test

1. Basal body temperature

2. Cervical mucus examination: Cervical mucus is secreted by the endocervical secretory cells and is affected by the estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ovaries. Therefore, the amount, transparency, viscosity, crystallization of cervical mucus and changes in epithelial cells can be used to judge ovarian function. Currently, the crystal morphology of cervical mucus is commonly used in clinical practice and has certain application value in diagnosing infertility, early pregnancy, amenorrhea and functional uterine bleeding. Use forceps or vascular clamps to reach into the endocervical canal 0.5 cm to collect mucus, place it on a glass slide, wait for it to dry, and then examine it under a microscope.

⑴ Typical crystals (+++) The smear is covered with straight, slender, and multi-branched typical fern-like crystals, indicating that the estrogen level is high and the woman is approaching or in the ovulation period.

⑵ More typical crystals (++) Fern-like crystals are wide, thick, short and curved, indicating a moderate effect of estrogen, and are seen around the 10th day of the menstrual cycle.

⑶ Atypical crystals (+) have more shapes, or resemble tree branches after rain, with short and sparse branches. Some are thin and curved, like snapdragons, indicating a mild effect of estrogen, which is more common in the short period after the menstruation is over.

⑷ No crystals (-), only epithelial cells and white blood cells, indicating low estrogen levels.

⑸ The ellipsoid body is 2 to 3 times longer than that of white blood cells, oval in shape, and arranged in multiple rows in lines. This indicates that ovulation is affected by progesterone, which is most typical around the 22nd day of the menstrual cycle. The presence of an ellipsoid body may indicate pregnancy.

3. Endometrial examination: The endometrium is collected 1 to 3 days before menstruation or within 12 hours of the beginning of menstruation and sent for pathological examination. If the pathological examination result shows secretory endometrium, it means ovulation occurs, but if it shows proliferative endometrium, it means no ovulation occurs.

4. Vaginal smear test

The vaginal epithelium is directly affected by ovarian endocrine secretions and behaves differently with changes in the amount of estrogen and progesterone, so vaginal smear examination can help us understand ovarian function. The degree of keratinization of vaginal epithelial cells is proportional to the level of estrogen in the body. Under the influence of estrogen, the cells gradually reach complete differentiation and maturity, with dense and smaller nuclei and eosinophilic red cytoplasm. Therefore, the keratinocyte index and nuclear density index on the smear reflect the level of estrogen in the body.

2. Laboratory examination of premature ovarian failure

The chromosome karyotype is 46, xx. The blood estrogen level is low (usually less than 20pg/ml), the blood FSH and LH are increased, and FSH rises earlier and higher than LH. Blood prolactin was normal. Estrogen withdrawal blood test is often positive. If ovarian biopsy finds that there are still follicles, it may be that the ovaries lack FSH receptors and lack response to gonadotropin. This situation is called ovarian insensitivity syndrome. Because ovarian insensitivity syndrome is rare and the chance of pregnancy is very small, ovarian biopsy is generally not recommended. If conditions permit, ovarian tissue antibodies and anti-adrenal cortex antibodies can be tested to detect related autoimmune diseases.

3. Ultrasonic examination

Ultrasound is an examination using high-frequency sound waves. Humans cannot hear this sound wave, but it can be used to examine the ovaries. The images formed by the reflection of the sound waves can clearly show the differences between healthy tissue, fluid-filled cysts, and tumor tissue.

4. CA-125 Analysis: The tumor marker CA-125 in the blood of ovarian cancer patients is often higher than that of normal women.